<i>Terminalia ferdinandiana</i> Exell. Extracts inhibit the growth of body odour‐forming bacteria

McManus, Kane; Wood, Aiden; Wright, Mitchell Henry; Matthews, Ben; Greene, Anthony Carlson; Cock, Ian Edwin

doi:10.1111/ics.12403

Cited by 29 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…As Corynebacterium spp. have been reported to produce the most unpleasant and strongest malodours, 4 the potent inhibition of C. jeikeium by these extracts was particularly encouraging. Despite Corynebacterium spp.…”

Section: Quantification Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…42 Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective antimicrobial deodorant components and recent studies have examined plant extracts for this purpose. 4 • Antiperspirants reduce sweating, usually by mechanical obstruction of eccrine sweat ducts. 43 Aluminium salts are the most commonly used compound in antiperspirant formulations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three predominating genera of bacteria are responsible for malodour production within the axillary region of the body; Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus. 3,4 Corynebacterium spp. are generally considered to be the major contributors to axillary odour.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Wood¹,

McManus²,

Wright³

et al. 2017

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Background: Extracts produced from S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaves are potent growth inhibitors of many bacterial pathogens. They may also inhibit the growth of malodour producing bacteria and thus be useful deodorant components, although this is yet to be tested. Methods: S. australe and S. luehmannii fruit and leaf solvent extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assays against significant bacterial contributors to axillary and plantar malodour formation. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: S. australe and S. luehmannii solvent extracts were good inhibitors of B. linens and C. jeikeium growth, with zones of inhibition up to 10 mm measured. S. australe extracts were generally better inhibitors of both bacterial species compared with the S. luehmannii extracts. Ethyl acetate extracts were particularly potent, with MIC values of 300 and 857 µg/mL for the S. australe fruit and leaf extracts respectively against B. linens, and 1000 and 311 µg/mL against C. jeikeium. The S. luehmannii fruit ethyl acetate extracts were similarly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 571 and 203 µg/mL against B. linens and C. jeikeium respectively. S. australe aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts were also potent inhibitors of C. jeikeium (MIC's of 285 and 306 µg/mL respectively). All other extracts had moderate or low inhibitory activity. All of the most potent ethyl acetate extracts were nontoxic in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. In contrast, the methanolic and aqueous S. australe leaf extracts, as well as the aqueous and methanolic S. luehmannii fruit extracts displayed apparent toxicity. However, these results may be fallacious and instead result from the high antioxidant content of these extracts. Conclusion: The potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour producing bacteria by the Syzygium spp. extracts indicate their potential as deodorant components.

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Section: Quantification Of Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Wood¹,

McManus²,

Wright³

et al. 2017

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“…26,27 Briefly, 400 µL of seawater containing ~43 (mean 43.2, n = 155, SD 14.5) A. franciscana nauplii were added to wells of a 48 well plate and immediately used in the bioassay. Volumes of 400 µL of reference toxin or the diluted plant extracts were transferred to the wells and incubated at 25 ± 1 °C under artificial light (1000 Lux).…”

Section: Artemia Franciscana Nauplii Toxicity Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 Terminalia alata, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia catappa also have broad spectrum antibacterial activity. 15 However, despite the relative wealth of antibacterial studies for the Indian Terminalia spp., there is a lack of studies screening Terminalia spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Wright¹,

Greene²,

Cock³

2017

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Introduction: Yersinia enterocolitica is a major cause of food poisoning through contaminated meat products, causing the acute gastrointestinal disease yersiniosis. Many Terminalia spp. have documented therapeutic properties as general antiseptics, inhibiting the growth of a wide variety of bacterial species. Despite this, Indian Terminalia spp. extracts have not been tested for the ability to inhibit the growth of Y. enterocolitica. Methods: T. arjuna, T. catappa and T. chebula extracts were extracted by maceration and the extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for growth inhibitory activity against a clinical strain of Y. enterocolitica. The MIC values of the extracts were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: T. chebula fruit extracts displayed potent growth inhibitory activity in the disc diffusion assay against Y. enterocolitica. The methanolic and ethyl acetate T. chebula fruit extracts were particularly potent growth inhibitors, with MIC values of 85 and 64 µg/mL respectively. The aqueous fruit extract also displayed good growth inhibitory activity against Y. enterocolitica, albeit with a higher MIC value (653 µg/mL). The T. arjuna branch extract was moderately active (3000 µg/mL). All other extracts were either low efficacy, or completely devoid of growth inhibitory activity. All Indian Terminalia spp. extracts were nontoxic (LC 50 values <1000 µg/mL) in the Artemia franciscana bioassay. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity and the potent growth inhibitory bioactivity of the T. chebula extracts against Y. enterocolitica indicates their potential as medicinal agents in the treatment and prevention of yersiniosis.

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Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 secretion, decrease COX-2 expression and down-regulate cytosolic NF-κB levels

Cock

2024

Inflammopharmacol

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Based on their high antioxidant capacity and noteworthy phytochemistry, Terminalia ferdinandiana fruit and leaves have attracted considerable recent interest for their therapeutic potential. Whilst those studies have reported a variety of therapeutic properties for the fruit, the anti-inflammatory potential of T. ferdinandiana has been largely neglected and the leaves have been almost completely ignored. This study investigated the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of T. ferdinandiana fruit and leaf extracts by evaluating their inhibition of multiple pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated and unstimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages using multiplex bead immunoassays and ELISA assays. The methanolic extracts were particularly good immune-modulators, significantly inhibiting the secretion of all the cytokines and chemokines tested. Indeed, the methanolic extracts completely inhibited IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2a secretion, and almost completely inhibited the secretion of TNF-α. In addition, the methanolic T. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly inhibited cytosolic COX-2 levels (by 87–95%) and the synthesis of the PGE2 (by ~ 98%). In contrast, the methanolic extracts stimulated LTB4 secretion by ~ 60–90%, whilst the aqueous extracts significantly inhibited LTB4 secretion (by ~ 27% each). Exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to the methanolic T. ferdinandiana extracts also significantly down-regulated the cytosolic levels of NF-κB by 33–44%, indicating that the immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts may be regulated via a decrease in NF-κB transcription pathways. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent anti-inflammatory properties for the extracts and provide insights into their anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

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Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. Extracts inhibit the growth of body odour‐forming bacteria

Abstract: The low toxicity of the T. ferdinandiana leaf extracts and their potent growth inhibition of axillary and plantar malodour-producing bacteria indicate their potential as deodorant components.

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Growth Inhibitory Activity of Selected Australian Syzygium Species against Malodour Forming Bacteria

Investigating the Pharmacognostic Potential of Indian Terminalia Spp. in the Treatment and Prevention of Yersiniosis

Terminalia ferdinandiana Exell. extracts reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine and PGE2 secretion, decrease COX-2 expression and down-regulate cytosolic NF-κB levels

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