<i>Taenia solium</i>Tapeworm Infection, Oregon, 2006–2009

O’Neal, Seth E.; Noh, John; Wilkins, Patricia P.; Keene, William E.; Lambert, William E.; Anderson, J. A.; Luman, Jennifer Compton; Townes, John M.

doi:10.3201/eid1706.101397

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The most common symptoms included seizures (38%) and headaches (34%). 15 More recently, a longitudinal study done in a low-income country found an association between NCC and mild cognitive deficits. 29 The frequency of this finding in highincome countries remains to be determined.…”

Section: Clinical Presentation and Forms Of Nccmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between 2006 and 2009, O'Neal conducted a population-based active surveillance in Oregon and found an annual incidence of 0.5 cases per 100 000 general population and 5.8 cases per 100 000 Hispanics. 15 Shandera and collaborators, 16 extrapolating from their data in Houston, estimated that the incidence of NCC in the USA among Hispanics was at least 8 to 10 per 100 000 per year with 1000 new cases of NCC diagnosed each year. 16 According to the 2010 Census, 308.7 million people resided in the USA on April 1, 2010, of which 50.5 million (16%) were of Hispanic origin.…”

Section: Calculating the Real Burden Of Ncc In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocysticercosis in the United States

Serpa

White²

2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is typically considered a disease of the developing world. Nonetheless, NCC is also diagnosed in the developed world. The rise in the number of cases of NCC in developed countries, especially in the United States of America, has largely been driven by the influx of immigrants from endemic to non-endemic regions and the widespread access to neuroimaging. Cases of local transmission have also been documented particularly in the setting of a tapeworm carrier present in the household, which highlights the relevance of NCC as a public health problem in the USA. Although accurate incidence data in the USA are not available, estimates range from 0·2 to 0·6 cases per 100 000 general population and 1·5-5·8 cases per 100 000 Hispanics. We estimate that between 1320 and 5050 new cases of NCC occur every year in the USA. The number of NCC cases reported in the literature in the USA increased from 1494 prior to 2004 to 4632 after that date. Parenchymal cases remain the most commonly reported form of the disease; however, a slight increase in the percentage of extraparenchymal cases has been described in the most recent series. NCC is associated with significant morbidity resulting from hydrocephalus, cerebral edema, and seizures. Although uncommon, NCC is also a cause of premature death in the USA with a calculated annual age-adjusted mortality rate of at least 0·06 per million population.

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Section: Clinical Presentation and Forms Of Nccmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculating the Real Burden Of Ncc In The Usamentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis in the United States

Serpa

White²

2012

Pathogens and Global Health

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“…Taeniasis appears to be a rare disease in the LAC, but the asymptomatic nature of the disease makes any estimation of the true prevalence difficult. Cases in the US have been identified previously through screening at risk populations [ 6 , 7 ] and by screening household members of neurocysticercosis cases [ 3 , 8 – 11 ]. Taeniasis rates in LAC appear higher for men than women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and opportunities in detecting Taenia solium tapeworm carriers in Los Angeles County California, 2009–2014

Croker¹

2015

JEGH

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Carriers of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium, are the sole source of neurocysticercosis, a parasitic tissue infection that can be chronic and severe. Identifying T. solium tapeworm carriers is challenging. Many are asymptomatic and go undetected and unreported. In addition, T. solium is difficult to distinguish from other Taenia species of less concern. From 2009 to 2014, 24 taeniasis cases were reported to the Los Angeles County (LAC) Department of Public Health. Twenty reports were received solely from our automated electronic laboratory reporting system (ELR), two from health care providers, and two were generated internally from investigation of households with a reported neurocysticercosis case. Further investigation identified one T. solium carrier originally reported by ELR and one identified from a neurocysticercosis case investigation. These results suggest that T. solium tapeworm carriers can be identified from investigation of ELR reports of unspeciated Taenia cases as well as from households of neurocysticercosis cases.

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“…9 Data used to estimate neurocysticercosis incidence and prevalence in the United States are based on a few population-based surveillance studies in California and Oregon and suggest an annual incidence or incidence of hospitalization of 0.2-1.1 cases per 100,000 persons in the general population, and 1.5-5.5 cases per 100,000 persons in the Hispanic population. 6,[10][11][12][13][14] A more recent study that reviewed data from the National Inpatient Sample, which represents about 20% of the U.S. hospitalized population, found 0.8 hospitalizations annually per 100,000 people in the general population. Annual hospitalizations in the Hispanic population were 3.48 per 100,000 people; in the 18-to 44-year-old population, there were 1.2 per 100,000 people; and in the female population, there were 0.7 per 100,000 people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of Obstetrician-Gynecologists in the United States About Taeniasis and Cysticercosis

Hall

Anderson

Schulkin

et al. 2017

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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An estimated 50 million persons worldwide are infected with cysticerci, the larval forms of the Taenia solium tapeworm. Neurocysticercosis can cause seizures, epilepsy, and hydrocephalus, and fatal cases have been reported in the United States in immigrants and in travelers returning from endemic countries. Pregnant women with symptomatic neurocysticercosis present treatment challenges, whereas those with the adult tapeworm infection (i.e., taeniasis) can put their infants and other family members, as well as obstetrician-gynecologists and their staff, at risk for cysticercosis. A questionnaire developed by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was sent to a representative sample of 1,000 physicians to assess their awareness of T. solium infection and the potential for it to be encountered in an obstetrics and gynecology setting. In total, 31.4% of respondents correctly answered that taeniasis is caused by eating undercooked pork containing T. solium cysts (95% confidence interval [CI] = 26.6-36.5). While only 14.5% (95% CI = 11.0-18.6) of respondents correctly answered that cysticercosis is acquired by ingesting tapeworm eggs shed in human stools, twice that number (30.3%; 95% CI = 25.5-35.3) correctly answered that a mother with taeniasis can cause cysticercosis in her infant. Practicing in a state in which cysticercosis was reportable at the time of the survey was not significantly associated with answering any of the 12 knowledge questions correctly. Overall, knowledge of T. solium infection among U.S. obstetricians-gynecologists is limited. This may result in missed opportunities to diagnose and treat pregnant women with taeniasis, which may put family members and obstetrics clinical staff at risk for cysticercosis.

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Taenia soliumTapeworm Infection, Oregon, 2006–2009

Cited by 17 publications

References 14 publications

Neurocysticercosis in the United States

Neurocysticercosis in the United States

Challenges and opportunities in detecting Taenia solium tapeworm carriers in Los Angeles County California, 2009–2014

Survey of Obstetrician-Gynecologists in the United States About Taeniasis and Cysticercosis

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