Neurocysticercosis in the United States

Serpa, José A.; White, A. Clinton

doi:10.1179/2047773212y.0000000028

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although data from controlled trials are not available, published case series suggest that the prognosis of neurocysticercosis has improved, probably because of better diagnostics and improved disease management. 12,14,15 …”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis

Garcı́a

Nash

Brutto

2014

The Lancet Neurology

465

490

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The infection of the nervous system by the cystic larvae of Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis) is a frequent cause of seizure disorders. Neurocysticercosis is endemic or presumed to be endemic in many low-income countries. The lifecycle of the worm and the clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis are well established, and CT and MRI have substantially improved knowledge of the disease course. Improvements in immunodiagnosis have further advanced comprehension of the pathophysiology of this disease. This knowledge has led to individualised treatment approaches that account for the involvement of parenchymal or extraparenchymal spaces, the number and form of parasites, and the extent of degeneration and associated inflammation. Clinical investigations are focused on development of effective treatments and reduction of side-effects induced by treatment, such as seizures, hydrocephalus, infarcts, and neuroinjury.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of neurocysticercosis

Garcı́a

Nash

Brutto

2014

The Lancet Neurology

465

490

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“…The rise in the number of cases of NCC diagnosed in the USA has largely been driven by the influx of immigrants from endemic regions [121]. Local transmission has also been documented particularly where there is a Taenia solium carrier in the household, confirming the relevance of NCC as a potential public health problem [121]. …”

Section: Bacterial Infections As a Cause Of Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infections, inflammation and epilepsy

et al. 2015

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Epilepsy is the tendency to have unprovoked epileptic seizures. Anything causing structural or functional derangement of brain physiology may lead to seizures, and different conditions may express themselves solely by recurrent seizures and thus be labelled "epilepsy." Worldwide, epilepsy is the most common serious neurological condition. The range of risk factors for the development of epilepsy varies with age and geographic location. Congenital, developmental and genetic conditions are mostly associated with the development of epilepsy in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Head trauma, infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and tumours may occur at any age and may lead to the development of epilepsy. Infections of the CNS are a major risk factor for epilepsy. The reported risk of unprovoked seizures in populationbased cohorts of survivors of CNS infections from developed countries is between 6.8 and 8.3 %, and is much higher in resource-poor countries. In this review, the various viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic infectious diseases of the CNS which result in seizures and epilepsy are discussed. The pathogenesis of epilepsy due to brain infections, as well as the role of experimental models to study mechanisms of epileptogenesis induced by infectious agents, is reviewed. The sterile (noninfectious) inflammatory response that occurs following brain insults is also discussed, as well as its overlap with inflammation due to infections, and the potential role in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, autoimmune encephalitis as a cause of seizures is reviewed. Potential strategies to prevent epilepsy resulting from brain infections and non-infectious inflammation are also considered.

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“…Neurocysticercosis is the most prevalent parasitic CNS infection and the most common cause of acquired seizures worldwide, though its presence in the USA is less common [7]. Neurocysticercosis is acquired when T. solium eggs are ingested by humans via the fecal-oral route from close contact with a tapeworm carrier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%