Strongyloidesspp. infections of veterinary importance

Abstract

This paper reviews the occurrence and impact of threadworms, Strongyloides spp., in companion animals and large livestock, the potential zoonotic implications and future research. Strongyloides spp. infect a range of domestic animal species worldwide and clinical disease is most often encountered in young animals. Dogs are infected with Strongyloides stercoralis while cats are infected with different species according to geographical location (Strongyloides felis, Strongyloides tumefaciens, Strongyloides planiceps and perhaps S. stercoralis). In contrast to the other species, lactogenic transmission is not a primary means of infection in dogs, and S. stercoralis is the only species considered zoonotic. Strongyloides papillosus in calves has been linked to heavy fatalities under conditions of high stocking density. Strongyloides westeri and Strongyloides ransomi of horses and pigs, respectively, cause only sporadic clinical disease. In conclusion, these infections are generally of low relative importance in livestock and equines, most likely due to extensive use of macrocyclic lactone anthelmintics and/or improved hygiene. Future prevalence studies need to include molecular typing of Strongyloides species in relation to different hosts. More research is urgently needed on the potential zoonotic capacity of Strongyloides from dogs and cats based on molecular typing, information on risk factors and mapping of transmission routes.

A Survey for Zoonotic and Other Gastrointestinal Parasites in Pig in Bali Province, Indonesia

“…The zoonotic aspect and importance of Strongyloides sp. in veterinary medicine are discussed more detail in Thamsborg et al, 36 which states that until now S. ransomi in pigs has not been zoonotic, but there are other species such as S. stercoralis in dogs have zoonotic potential to humans.…”

Endoparasites of wildcats in Croatia

“…was detected in eight wildcat samples (23.5%) in the current study and this is the first finding of this parasite in Felis silvestris silvestris. Strongyloides species are known, but rare parasites of felines worldwide, and up to now several different species have been described (THAMSBORG et al, 2016). there are a few reports about the low prevalence of Strongyloides sp.…”

Strongyloides stercoralis infection in human immunodeficiency virus‐infected patients and related risk factors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

“…Interestingly, this nematode features two different life cycle forms, a free‐living and a parasitic cycle. S. stercoralis infections in animals and humans occur predominantly percutaneously by filariform larvae though an infection can also result from oral uptake (Thamsborg, Ketzis, Horii, & Matthews, ). After penetrating the skin, major proportion of the larvae enter vessels and are carried to the lungs.…”

“…The larvae then migrate through the lung tissue, are coughed up and swallowed with sputum, and finally reach the small intestine. Other larvae can travel directly to the small intestine (Thamsborg et al, ). Larvae mature into adult females in the intestinal mucosa, especially the duodenum and upper jejunum.…”