Streptococcus pasteurianus‐induced valvular endocarditis and sepsis in a puerperal emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator)

Abstract

Streptococcus pasteurianus, also known as S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus (SGSP), is a Gram-positive coccoid bacterium that belongs to S. bovis group and was previously identified as S. bovis biotype II/2. 1 This group of bacteria is responsible for human infections, resulting in endocarditis, bacteremia, hepatobiliary disease, colonic lesions, and neonatal meningitis. [1][2][3][4] SGSP is also considered an underreported zoonotic pathogen, being isolated from piglet's brain with meningitis 5 and from goslings and turkeys with neurological signs and sepsis. [6][7][8] There is no previous report of SGSP infection in a non-human primate. Herein, we describe a case of aortic valvular endocarditis with sepsis, caused by SGSP in a puerperal captive emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator).

Infectious diseases of neotropical primates

“…Infections are enhanced by stressful factors and starts in the respiratory tract quickly progressing to bacteremia and multiple organs infections, being meningitis and arthritis a common consequence in NWP (116,217). Other species of Streptococcus have also been described in NWP, such as Streptococcus pasteurianus causing endocarditis and sepsis in a puerperal tamarin (Saguinus imperator) (147) and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus responsible for outbreaks in colonies of marmosets after being exposed by horse meat or keepers in contact with horses (117,185).…”

“…zooepidemicus responsible for outbreaks in colonies of marmosets after being exposed by horse meat or keepers in contact with horses (117,185). Diagnostic is performed based on identification of Gram-positive cocci at histopathology, confirmed by bacterial culture or PCR (116,117,147,185). There is no information in the literature about the prevalence of Streptococcus species in free-ranging NWP.…”

Isolation, characterization, and experimental infection of Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus from commercial turkeys with acute septicemia: a pilot study

“…It aids in maintaining the intestinal barrier, inhibiting the entry of pathogenic bacteria and encouraging the creation of antimicrobial compounds, maintaining the birds’ overall health and resistance to illnesses ( Siddiqui et al, 2022 ). Nevertheless, in recent years, SG has been associated with infections in turkeys, including septicemia, endocarditis, airsacculitis, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly ( Figure 1 ) ( Kasamatsu et al, 2022 ; Oliveira et al, 2022 ). These health issues can lead to sudden death, generally with no premonitory signs, leading to higher mortality rates and reducing turkey farms’ overall productivity ( Droual et al, 1997 ; Saumya et al, 2014 ; Schulz et al, 2015 ).…”