<i>Streptococcus Dysgalactiae</i>Cellulitis and Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in a Brown Swiss Cow

Chénier, Sonia; Leclère, Mathilde; Messier, Serge; Fecteau, Gilles

doi:10.1177/104063870802000122

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…dysgalactiae strains in the study, which were analyzed for the detection of selected virulence genes by PCR only (see below). One of these strains was associated with toxic shock-like syndrome in cattle (9). The other strain caused ascending upper limb cellulitis in humans in contact with raw fish (27).…”

Section: Bacterial Isolates and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dysgalactiae was reported to be associated with toxic shock-like syndrome in cattle (9), suppurative polyarthritis in lambs (28), bacteremia in dogs (66), and systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease and severe septicemia in fish (16) and in ascending upper limb cellulitis in humans in contact with raw fish (27). The presence of the streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G gene (spegg) and streptolysin S structural gene (sagA), which have been associated with invasive disease in the exclusively human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]), has been documented for fish isolates of S. dysgalactiae subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Virulence Gene Pool Detected in Bovine Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates by Use of a Group A S. pyogenes Virulence Microarray

et al. 2011

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A custom-designed microarray containing 220 virulence genes of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) was used to test group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCS) field strains causing bovine mastitis and group C or group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (GCS/GGS) isolates from human infections, with the latter being used for comparative purposes, for the presence of virulence genes. All bovine and all human isolates carried a fraction of the 220 genes (23% and 39%, respectively). The virulence genes encoding streptolysin S, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the plasminogen-binding M-like protein PAM, and the collagen-like protein SclB were detected in the majority of both bovine and human isolates (94 to 100%). Virulence factors, usually carried by human beta-hemolytic streptococcal pathogens, such as streptokinase, laminin-binding protein, and the C5a peptidase precursor, were detected in all human isolates but not in bovine isolates. Additionally, GAS bacteriophage-associated virulence genes encoding superantigens, DNase, and/or streptodornase were detected in bovine isolates (72%) but not in the human isolates. Determinants located in non-bacteriophage-related mobile elements, such as the gene encoding R28, were detected in all bovine and human isolates. Several virulence genes, including genes of bacteriophage origin, were shown to be expressed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis of superantigen gene sequences revealed a high level (>98%) of identity among genes of bovine GCS, of the horse pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and of the human pathogen GAS. Our findings indicate that alphahemolytic bovine GCS, an important mastitis pathogen and considered to be a nonhuman pathogen, carries important virulence factors responsible for virulence and pathogenesis in humans.

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Section: Bacterial Isolates and Identificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence Gene Pool Detected in Bovine Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates by Use of a Group A S. pyogenes Virulence Microarray

et al. 2011

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“…S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae has also shown the ability to cause severe cellulitis and toxic shock syndrome in cattle (10), septicemia in fish and dogs (11,12), and infective arthritis in sheep (13). To our knowledge, S. dysgalactiae subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Tricks from an Old Cow: Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae

et al. 2015

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dWe present a case of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, a major cause of bovine mastitis and previously thought to be an animal-restricted pathogen. The patient reported no direct contact with animals, and the clinical course was severe and complicated. CASE REPORTA 65-year-old male patient was admitted to Haukeland University Hospital in western Norway with radiating pain in his left shoulder, fever, and muscle ache. One month earlier, he had been admitted to a hospital in Spain with similar symptoms but was rapidly discharged with a diagnosis of shoulder tendinitis. He had a family history of sudden cardiac death, and his previous medical history included hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and a normal coronary angiography 7 years prior to the actual admission.Upon admission, he had a pulse rate of 100/min, a temperature of 39°C, and a respiratory frequency of 24/min, thus fulfilling the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). He was pale, with a blood pressure of 118/59 mm Hg, and a holosystolic murmur was heard at the apex. No local signs of infection were observed over his left shoulder.The initial blood chemistry results were as follows, with normal range values in parentheses: hemoglobin, 8.5 g/dl (13.4 to 17.0 g/dl); C-reactive protein, 277 mg/liter (Ͻ5 mg/liter); leukocytes, 20.8 ϫ 10 9 /liter (3.5 ϫ 10 9 to 11.0 ϫ 10 9 /liter); neutrophils, 18.5 ϫ 10 9 /liter (1.7 ϫ 10 9 to 8.2 ϫ 10 9 /liter); sedimentation rate, 102 mm/h (0 to 20 mm/h); procalcitonin, 12.1 g/liter (Ͻ0.10 g/ liter); and troponin T, 896 ng/liter (Ͻ25 ng/liter). Thrombocytes were within the normal range. The electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated ST segment elevation in leads V 1 and V 2 and T inversion in leads V 4 to V 6 , indicative of ischemia.Antibiotic therapy was started on day 1 and included meropenem and vancomycin. A broader initial regimen than that recommended in the Norwegian National Antibiotic Guidelines was chosen since the patient had recently been admitted to a hospital in Spain. The following day, all four blood cultures grew nonhemolytic bacteria on blood agar. Species identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and showed that the isolate was Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Subsequently, group C carbohydrate specificity was documented using a slide agglutination test (Oxoid, Cambridge, United Kingdom). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the group C streptococcus (GCS) isolate was fully susceptible to all tested antibiotics, with the following MICs: penicillin G, 0.008 mg/liter; ceftriaxone, Ͻ0.016 mg/liter; clindamycin, 0.25 mg/liter; vancomycin, 0.25 mg/liter; teicoplanin, 0.25 mg/liter; and linezolid, 1 mg/liter.A more thorough anamnestic interview revealed a history of weight loss of 6 kg, bloody stools, increasing pain in the left shoulder, and inaccuracy of vision. On examination, he had no peripheral vascular phenomena indicative of septic emboliz...

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“…The beta-hemolytic streptococci are further classified according to Lancefield grouping from group A to V, excluding I and J. Streptococcus dysgalactiae forms part of the Lance field group C. SDSE has been associated mostly with humans and SDSD with animals [2-3]. Literature encompassing discussions of the characteristics and pathogenesis of SDSD is very limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subsp. Dysgalactiae Human Zoonotic Infection

Chennapragada

Ramphul

Mejias

et al. 2018

Cureus

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae has two main subspecies: Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilus (SDSE) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD). The vast majority of human infections belonging to Streptococcus dysgalactiae have been associated with SDSE. There are only three cases of SDSD found in humans in literature. We present a case of SDSD cellulitis and bacteremia in a 49-year-old female patient from Houston, Texas with no major exposure to animals or trauma.

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Streptococcus DysgalactiaeCellulitis and Toxic Shock-Like Syndrome in a Brown Swiss Cow

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Virulence Gene Pool Detected in Bovine Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates by Use of a Group A S. pyogenes Virulence Microarray

Virulence Gene Pool Detected in Bovine Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae Isolates by Use of a Group A S. pyogenes Virulence Microarray

New Tricks from an Old Cow: Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae

A Rare Case of Streptococcus dysgalactiae Subsp. Dysgalactiae Human Zoonotic Infection

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