“…Bimber proposes three distinct but related theoretical explanations: organizationprompted behavior (traditional forms of participation that are enhanced, and often encouraged by the adaption of organized and formally structured initiatives to digital environments), socially prompted behavior (civic behavior based on awareness that other people are performing similar activities), and self-prompted behavior (actions that are based on personal initiative as a result of exposure to information rather than direct encouragement from organizations or other users, facilitated especially by access to a plethora of social media and the resultant lowered costs of such actions). The subsequent articles included in this special issue are bound around this theoretical approach focusing on incentives or/and encouragement (Gil de Zuniga, Barnidge, & Scherman, 2017;Lilleker & Koc-Michalska, 2017;Vaccari, 2017) or how distinct forms of organization-prompted participation (Gibson, Greffet, & Cantijoch, 2017) and socially prompted participation (Zhu, Skoric, & Shen, 2017) take place in a digital media environment.…”