Ureaplasma

Abstract

U.re.a.plas'ma. N.L. fem. n. urea urea; Gr. neut. n. plasma anything formed or molded, image, figure; N.L. neut. n. Ureaplasma urea form. Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Mycoplasmatales / Mycoplasmataceae / Ureaplasma Bacteria in the genus Ureaplasma , pleomorphic, small (100–800 nm in diameter), primarily coccoid cells, devoid of a cell wall, surrounded by a trilaminar‐membrane structure. Coccobacillary and filamentous forms also occur. These bacteria form exceptionally tiny (<0.2 mm) colonies on solid media. Similar to the closely related genus Mycoplasma , ureaplasmas have small (0.75–1.01 Mb) A+T‐rich genomes, use the codon UGA to encode tryptophan, and are nutritionally fastidious. Unlike mycoplasmas they hydrolyze urea rather than glucose or arginine for ATP synthesis. DNA–DNA hybridizations, serotyping of phase‐variable surface‐exposed lipoproteins [the multiple‐banded antigen (MBA)], PCR, and sequencing of the multiple‐banded antigen gene ( mba ), 16S rRNA, and urease genes have defined the species and serovars for this genus. In nature, all species are commensals and/or opportunistic pathogens of vertebrate hosts. Based on the most recent comparative genome analyses, a consensus is emerging that strains associated with humans, the species Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum , undergo extensive horizontal gene transfer and may exist collectively as quasi‐species rather than as stable serovars in their native environment. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 25.4–31.9 (complete genome sequences). Type species : Ureaplasma urealyticum Shepard et al. 1974 AL emend. Robertson et al. 2002.

Flurofamide Prevention and Treatment of Ureaplasma -Induced Hyperammonemia

“…Ureaplasmal urease splits urea into ammonia (NH 3 ) and CO 2 , generating an NH 3 gradient across the bacterial membrane that powers a unique ATP synthase ( 6 , 7 ). This drives 95% of ureaplasmal ATP synthesis, making urea a requirement for growth of the organisms ( 8 ). LTRs who become colonized with the human-associated Ureaplasma species, U .…”

Contribution of Uremia to Ureaplasma -Induced Hyperammonemia

“… Ureaplasma species, which are normally considered commensal microbiota of the urogenital tract, produce a potent urease that splits urea into NH 3 and CO 2 as a means of ATP synthesis, powered by the NH 3 gradient generated across the membrane ( 13 , 14 ). Interestingly, 95% of ATP generated by Ureaplasma species is urea dependent, making it a requirement for growth ( 15 ). The high level of NH 3 production from LTR Ureaplasma infection can exceed the capacity for detoxification by the host.…”

Contribution of Uremia to Ureaplasma-Induced Hyperammonemia

“…Ureaplasma species, which are normally considered commensal microbiota of the urogenital tract, produce a potent urease that splits urea into NH 3 and CO 2 as a means of ATP synthesis, powered by the generated NH 3 gradient across the membrane (11,12). Interestingly, 95% of ATP generated by Ureaplasma species is urea dependent, making it a requirement for growth (13). The high level of NH 3 production from LTR Ureaplasma infection can exceed the capacity for detoxification by the host.…”