<i>Scedosporium</i>/<i>Pseudallescheria</i> Infections

Panackal, Anil A.; Marr, Kieren A.

doi:10.1055/s-2004-824901

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…This is because a similar histological appearance to Aspergillus may be present with other fungal species, such as Scedosporium, Pseudallescheria and Fusarium [87]. In addition, there are many species of Aspergillus that may lead to IPA.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Kousha¹,

Tadi²,

Soubani³

2011

Eur Respir Rev

564

596

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Aspergillus is a mould which may lead to a variety of infectious, allergic diseases depending on the host's immune status or pulmonary structure. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis occurs primarily in patients with severe immunodeficiency. The significance of this infection has dramatically increased with growing numbers of patients with impaired immune state associated with the management of malignancy, organ transplantation, autoimmune and inflammatory conditions; critically ill patients and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appear to be at an increased risk. The introduction of new noninvasive tests, combined with more effective and better-tolerated antifungal agents, has resulted in lower mortality rates associated with this infection. Chronic necrotising aspergillosis is a locally invasive disease described in patients with chronic lung disease or mild immunodeficiency. Aspergilloma is usually found in patients with previously formed cavities in the lung, whereas allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a hypersensitivity reaction to Aspergillus antigens, is generally seen in patients with atopy, asthma or cystic fibrosis. This review provides an update on the evolving epidemiology and risk factors of the major manifestations of Aspergillus lung disease and the clinical manifestations that should prompt the clinician to consider these conditions. Current approaches for the diagnosis and management of these syndromes are discussed.

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Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Kousha¹,

Tadi²,

Soubani³

2011

Eur Respir Rev

564

596

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“…Symptoms of disease include high fevers, dyspnea, cough, and other nonspecific complaints (60,61). Radiographic findings of pulmonary pseudallescheriasis are not distinctive compared with those of other mold infections, and can include pulmonary infiltrates, lobar consolidation, mass lesions, nodules with or without cavitation, necrotizing pneumonias, or pulmonary abscesses (49,50,56,(61)(62)(63).…”

Section: Risk Factors and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately the organism cannot be distinguished from other septated molds (such as Aspergillus) by histopathology. Blood cultures may be positive during disseminated pseudallescheriasis and scedosporiosis (63). Ultimately, confirmation of diagnosis depends on the isolation of the organism in culture.…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mucormycosis, Pseudallescheriasis, and Other Uncommon Mold Infections

Quan¹,

Spellberg²

2010

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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Serious infections due to non-Aspergillus molds are being encountered with increasing frequency. Factors likely responsible for the rise of these infections include aging populations in countries with advanced medical technologies, the resultant increase in incidence of many cancers, increasingly intensive myeloablative therapies for these cancers, increasingly intensive care for critically ill patients, and increases in the frequency of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although diagnostic and therapeutic modalities have improved, mortality rates for invasive mold infections remain high. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about non-Aspergillus mold infections of the chest, with a focus on risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.

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“…The RCA assay also distinguished unambiguously between A. fumigatus and A. flavus and between S. apiospermum and S. prolificans. The latter are two significant pathogens of seriously ill patients which have different epidemiological and clinical associations (14).…”

Section: Vol 46 2008 Notes 2425mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Method for Detection and Identification of Candida, Aspergillus , and Scedosporium spp. by Use of Rolling-Circle Amplification

et al. 2008

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A sensitive rolling-circle amplification (RCA)-based method utilizing species-specific padlock probes targeted to the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of the fungal ribosomal DNA gene complex was developed. The assay was rapid (2 hours) and specific. Of 28 fungal isolates (16 of Candida, six of Aspergillus, and six of Scedosporium spp.), all were all identified correctly.Fungal pathogens cause life-threatening infections in critically ill and immunosuppressed patients. Contemporary epidemiological trends reveal a shift toward species of Candida and Aspergillus other than Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus and a range of emerging fungi including Scedosporium spp. and the zygomycetes (6,19). Given the reduced susceptibility of many of these pathogens to antifungal agents, timely identification to species level is essential for clinical management. However, standard culture-based identification methods are insensitive and slow (15).To overcome both problems, PCR-based tools have been developed. In particular, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, ITS1 and ITS2, of the fungal ribosomal DNA gene complex have shown promise as targets for species identification in a variety of formats including multiplex and/or real-time PCR assays (9, 16), DNA sequence analysis (1, 2, 12), and probe-based techniques (5, 7). The latter range from Southern blotting (5, 7) and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization methods (23) to sophisticated microarray formats (10,11,17).Recently, the utility of circularizable oligonucleotide (padlock) probes has been demonstrated for the detection of target nucleic acid sequences, including nucleotide polymorphisms that differ by only a few base pairs, with high sensitivity (4,13,20). Such probes comprise two sequences complementary to the 5Ј and 3Ј termini of the target sequence joined by a linker region (Fig. 1A). Upon hybridization to the target, the probe ends are joined by DNA ligase to form a closed molecule. The intensity of the probespecific signal is then increased exponentially by rolling-circle amplification (RCA) (13) (Fig. 1B). There are few data on the application of padlock probes in the detection of polymorphisms in fungi. We report on a sensitive, RCA-based method using real-time PCR for species identification of clinically important Candida, Aspergillus, and Scedosporium spp.Twenty-eight clinical isolates were studied: two of C. albicans, two of Candida glabrata, three of Candida krusei, three of Candida tropicalis, three of Candida dubliniensis, three of Candida guilliermondii, four of A. fumigatus, two of Aspergillus flavus, and three strains each of Scedosporium apiospermum and Scedosporium prolificans. Species identity was confirmed by standard laboratory methods (3, 21) and ITS sequence analysis (23). Isolates were stored in sterile water at 25°C until required. DNA extraction and amplification of the ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2) region, using the primers ITS1 and ITS4 (22), in preparation for hybridization with padlock probes (see below) were performed a...

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Scedosporium/Pseudallescheria Infections

Cited by 59 publications

References 123 publications

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Pulmonary aspergillosis: a clinical review

Mucormycosis, Pseudallescheriasis, and Other Uncommon Mold Infections

Practical Method for Detection and Identification of Candida, Aspergillus , and Scedosporium spp. by Use of Rolling-Circle Amplification

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