<i>Salmonella typhimurium acrB</i>-like gene: identification and role in resistance to biliary salts and detergents and in murine infection

-Two major changes in the epidemiology of salmonellosis occurred in the second half of the 20th century: the emergence of food-borne human infections caused by S. Enteritidis and by multiple-antibiotic resistant strains of Salmonella. This review updates information on the S. Enteritidis pandemic and focuses on the emergence of Salmonella, carrying the SGI1 antibiotic resistance gene cluster, resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, or resistant to fluoroquinolones. The factors responsible for the emergence of these Salmonella strains could be either of human origin or related to bacterial genome evolution. However, our increasing understanding of the molecular fluidity of the genome shows that any attempt to counteract bacteria results in further bacterial evolution or adaptation of other bacteria to take place in the new free ecological niche. In these conditions, we can ask who is faster: humans who want to eliminate bacterial pathogens or bacteria that continuously evolve to gain new niches.

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“…Recently, a mechanism of resistance involving the active efflux of antibiotics by multidrug efflux pumps was also elucidated [84,121,131].…”

Section: Emergence Of Multiple-antibiotic Resistance In S Enterica Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Cloeckaert²,

2005

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“…The AcrAB efflux pump, besides conferring multiple antibiotic resistance, has been shown in S. enterica Typhimurium to play an important role in resistance to biliary salts and detergents and in murine intestinal colonization [29].…”

Section: Change In Virulence?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization, spread and evolution of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104

2001

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-Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type DT104 has emerged during the last decade as a global health problem because of its involvement in diseases in animals and humans. Multidrug-resistant DT104 strains are mostly resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracyclines (ACSSuT resistance type). The genes coding for such resistances are clustered on the chromosome. This paper reviews new developments in the characterization of S. enterica Typhimurium DT104, its chromosomal antibiotic resistance genes and their spread among other S. enterica Typhimurium phage types and other S. enterica serovars, the development of specific detection methods, virulence characteristics, and the evolution of multidrugresistance with regard to the emergence of quinolone resistance.Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 / multidrug resistance / Salmonella genomic island I Résumé -Caractérisation moléculaire, diffusion et évolution de la résistance multiple aux antibiotiques chez Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104. Le lysotype DT104 de Salmonella enterica Typhimurium présentant une résistance multiple aux antibiotiques a émergé durant la dernière décennie comme un problème mondial de santé publique qui touche à la fois humains et animaux. Les souches du lysotype DT104 sont en général résistantes à l'ampicilline, au chloramphénicol, à la streptomycine, aux sulphamides et aux tétracyclines (profil de résistance ACSSuT). Les gènes codant pour ces résistances sont groupés sur le chromosome. Cet article présente une revue des derniers dévelop-pements dans la caractérisation de S. enterica Typhimurium DT104, ses gènes chromosomiques de résis-tance et leur diffusion chez d'autres lysotypes de S. enterica Typhimurium et d'autres serotypes de S. enterica, le développement de méthodes spécifiques de détection, les caractéristiques de virulence, et l'évolution de la résistance multiple au regard de l'émergence de la résistance aux quinolones.Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 / résistance multiple / îlot génomique I Vet. Res. 32 (2001) [301][302][303][304][305][306][307][308][309][310] 301

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“…The natural habitat of Escherichia coli is the enteric tract and efflux is a protective mechanism [14,55,83,101,122]. Other functions of this pump are participation in adherence, colonization and invasion of host cells [14].…”

Section: Natural Functions Of Rnd Efflux Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii--the role of AdeABC (RND family) efflux pump in resistance to antibiotics.

Wieczorek

Sacha²,

Hauschild³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Abstract:Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen which play the more and more greater role in the pathogenicity of the human. It is often attached with the hospital environment, in which is able easily to survive for many days even in adverse conditions. Acinetobacter baumannii is the species responsible for a serious nosocomial infections, especially in the intensive care units. Option of surviving in natural niches, and in the hospital environment could also be associated with the efflux pump mechanisms. Mechanisms of efflux universally appear in all cells (eukaryotic and prokaryotic) and play the physiological important role. In prokaryote, the main functions are evasion of such naturally produced molecules, removal of metabolic products and toxins. These pumps could also be involved in an early stage of infection, such as adhesion to host cells and the colonization. Importantly, they remove commonly used antibiotics from the cell in therapy of infections caused by these bacteria. Efflux pumps exemplify a unique phenomenon in drug resistance: a single mechanism causing resistance against several different classes of antibiotics. In Acinetobacter baumannii, the AdeABC efflux pump, a member of the resistance-nodulation-cell division family (RND), has been well characterized. Aminoglicosides, tetracyclines, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, some β-lactams, and also recently tigecycline, were found to be substrates for this pump. Drugs, as substrates for the AdeABC pump, can increase the expression of the AdeABC genes, leading to multidrug resistance (MDR). From this reason, treatment failure and death caused by Acinetobacter baumannii infections or underlying diseases are common. Because the AdeABC pump is widespread in Acinetobacter baumannii, similarly to other pumps in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, exists a need of searching a new therapeutic solutions. Specific efflux inhibitors of pumps (EPIs), including AdeABC inhibitors, could be suppress the activity of pumps and restore the sensitivity of such important bacteria as Acinetobacter baumannii to commonly used antibiotic.

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Salmonella typhimurium acrB-like gene: identification and role in resistance to biliary salts and detergents and in murine infection

Cited by 103 publications

References 17 publications

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Emergence of Salmonella epidemics: The problems related to Salmonella enterica serotyp Enteritidis and multiple antibiotic resistance in other major serotypes

Molecular characterization, spread and evolution of multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium DT104

Multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii--the role of AdeABC (RND family) efflux pump in resistance to antibiotics.

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