<i>Salmonella</i> serotypes isolated in geckos kept in seven collections in southern Italy

Russo, Tamara Pasqualina; Varriale, Lorena; Borrelli, Luca; Pace, Antonino; Latronico, Michael V.G.; Menna, Lucia Francesca; Fioretti, Alessandro; Dipineto, Ludovico

doi:10.1111/jsap.12808

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…AMP was the third most frequent resistance shown in this study of Salmonella reptile strains, in line with a previous study conducted on species of gecko in Italy (10). This antibiotic is the most widely used in human medicine in Spain (76) and could thus be implicated in possible transmission of resistance from humans to reptiles, as a consequence of the direct and indirect contact between reptiles and their owners (75,77,78).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…On the other hand, the level of resistance to NAL, CHL, SXT, TM, CAZ, CTX, and CIP in reptile Salmonella strains was relatively low. Resistance to CAZ contrasts with a survey conducted on geckos by Russo et al (10), who showed a high resistance of Salmonella species to this antimicrobial, that is used in reptiles to treat infections or prophylactically after a traumatic injury (79). Moreover, it is important to note that fluoroquinolones (e.g., CIP) are the drugs of choice for invasive salmonellosis infections in humans (adults) and cephalosporins (e.g., CTX and CAZ) in children (21), although both are implicated in a reduced effectiveness of Salmonella treatment (77).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…This increase in "living presents for children" is resulting in a trade of non-conventional species around the world, with Europe as the leading reptile importer (6,7). The close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogens infections, constituting a public health concern, as these pets have been considered as potential Salmonella carriers (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Reptiles are natural reservoirs of Salmonella, which can hold a wide variety of serovars simultaneously without symptoms (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pet Reptiles: A Potential Source of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

et al. 2021

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Salmonella spp. is widely considered one of the most important zoonotic pathogens worldwide. The close contact between reptiles and their owners provides favourable conditions for the transmission of zoonotic pathogen infections, and ~6% of human salmonellosis cases are acquired after direct or indirect contact with reptiles. Moreover, antimicrobial resistance is one of the most important health threats of the twenty-first century and has been reported in Salmonella strains isolated from pet reptiles, which could entail therapeutic consequences for their owners and breeders. The aim of this study was to assess Salmonella carriage by pet reptiles in pet shops and households, and their role in the transmission of antimicrobial resistance, to inform the owners about the possible risks factors. During the period between January 2019 and December 2019, 54 reptiles from pet shops and 69 reptiles from households were sampled in the Valencian Region (Eastern Spain). Three different sample types were collected from each reptile: oral cavity, skin, and cloacal swabs. Salmonella identification was based on ISO 6579-1:2017 (Annex D), serotyped in accordance with Kauffman-White-Le-Minor technique, and antibiotic susceptibility was assessed according to Decision 2013/652. The results of this study showed that 48% of the pet reptiles examined from households and pet shops carry Salmonella spp. All the strains isolated presented resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 72% were multidrug-resistant strains, the most frequently observed resistance patterns being gentamicin-colistin and gentamicin-colistin-ampicillin. The present study demonstrates that pet reptiles could be a source of human multidrug-resistant Salmonella infection. In this context, the most optimal prevention of multidrug-resistant Salmonella infections necessarily involves strict control of the sanitary status of reptile pet shops and hygienic handling by the individual owners at home.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pet Reptiles: A Potential Source of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

et al. 2021

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“…Concurrently, a national outbreak of L. monocytogenes foodborne illness associated with cantaloupes in humans occurred, although the bacterial strains were genetically distinct. The ability of foodborne pathogens to infect exotic pets is poorly investigated (Russo et al, ) and, although rare, should be considered, especially for sugar gliders whose diet consists of many exotic fruits often imported from other countries and subjected to handling and storage that could negatively affect their microbiological quality. Also, insects consumed in the sugar gliders’ diet may carry pathogens even at long distances from their origin and breeding sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological survey of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept as pets in Italy

Varriale

Russo

Pace

et al. 2019

Lett Appl Microbiol

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The sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps) is a small, arboreal, nocturnal, gliding mammalian possum belonging to the marsupial infraclass. Exotic marsupials, including sugar gliders, are becoming popular companion pets and, consequently, the risk of potential infections that can be transmitted to humans should be investigated. Data on the role of the sugar glider as a possible carrier of pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria are scarce and fragmentary. Therefore, this study is aimed at evaluating the prevalence of potentially zoonotic bacteria (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Klebsiella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Yersinia enterocolitica) in 64 sugar gliders kept as pets in Italy. The highest prevalence of infection pertained to members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, in particular Citrobacter spp. (50%), Enterobacter spp. (28·1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15·6%); Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from 10 out of 64 samples (15·6%). All strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae exhibited some level of resistance to multiple antimicrobials (ampicillin, amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid and doxycycline). Significance and Impact of the Study The results of this study show that sugar gliders may act as carriers of potentially pathogenic agents for humans and other animal species, therefore caution should be exercised in the handling and contact with these animals.

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“…were also detected in 3 of the 38 tortoises in a private breeding (3/38; 8%) and 15 turtles in the shelter (15/ 40; 37.5%) [63]. Also in Italy, Russo et al [67] evaluated Salmonella-prevalence in housed gecko. Faecal swabs were collected from 70 apparently healthy captive gecko and Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Salmonella Spp Prevalence In Amphibians and Reptilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets

Dróżdż

Małaszczuk

Paluch

et al. 2021

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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Salmonellosis is a global health problem, affecting approximately 1.3 billion people annually. Most of these cases are related to food contamination. However, although the majority of Salmonella serovars are pathogenic to humans, animals can be asymptomatic carriers of these bacteria. Nowadays, a wide range of animals is present in human households as pets, including reptiles, amphibians, dogs, cats, ornamental birds, and rodents. Pets contaminate the environment of their owners by shedding the bacteria intermittently in their feaces. In consequence, theyare thought to cause salmonellosis through pet-to-human transmission.Each Salmonella serovar has a different zoonotic potential, which is strongly regulated by stress factors such as transportation, crowding, food deprivation, or temperature. In this review, we summarize the latest reports concerning Salmonella-prevalence and distribution in pets as well as the risk factors and means of prevention of human salmonellosis caused by contact with their pets. Our literature analysis (based on PubMed and Google Scholar databases) is limited to the distribution of Salmonella serovars found in commonly owned pet species. We collected the recent results of studies concerning testing for Salmonella spp. in biological samples, indicating their prevalence in pets, with regard to clinical cases of human salmonellosis.

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Salmonella serotypes isolated in geckos kept in seven collections in southern Italy

Abstract: Salmonella spp. can be isolated from apparently healthy captive gecko which should be considered as a potential source of infection for humans and other companion animals.

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Pet Reptiles: A Potential Source of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

Pet Reptiles: A Potential Source of Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

Microbiological survey of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) kept as pets in Italy

Zoonotic potential and prevalence of Salmonella serovars isolated from pets

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