<i>Salmonella enterica</i>in Mexico 2000–2017: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Prevalence in Food

Godínez‐Oviedo, Angélica; Tamplin, Mark L.; Bowman, John P.; Hernández‐Iturriaga, Montserrat

doi:10.1089/fpd.2019.2627

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Class-C ESBLs confer resistance to most beta-lactams (except carbapenems) and resist clavulanic acid, while class-B metallo-beta-lactamases confer the strongest resistance phenotype, involving all known beta-lactams and clavulanic acid [46]. Fortunately, resistance to 3GC, 4GC and carbapenems was rare among experimental isolates, which is in agreement with recent studies [9]. Apparently, food isolates in Mexico, as well as in the US and Europe [27], are not a significant source of NTS resistant to 3GC/4GC and carbapenems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…1. macrolide resistance usually involves typhoidal strains [27], 2. macrolides are not approved for use in food-producing animals in Mexico [28], and 3. azithromycin-resistant Salmonella has not been isolated from foods (including meats) in Mexico in the last two decades [9].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

“…That of nontyphoidal salmonellosis has been above 60 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants in the last 5 years [7]. In addition, recent studies conducted in Mexico show NTS contamination is unusually high (15 to nearly 100% positive samples) in bovine lymph nodes, beef carcasses and ground beef, with isolates exhibiting rates of resistance that vary from 30 to nearly 98%, across several important antimicrobial classes (i. e. penicillins, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins, quinolones) [8,9]. This evidence suggests that beef is likely to play a role as a relevant reservoir of foodborne MDR salmonellosis in Mexico.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance shows cattle and poultry are a moderate source of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

et al. 2021

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Multi-drug resistant (MDR) non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a public health concern globally. This study reports the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of NTS isolates from bovine lymph nodes (n = 48) and ground beef (n = 29). Furthermore, we compared genotypic AMR data of our isolates with those of publicly available NTS genomes from Mexico (n = 2400). The probability of finding MDR isolates was higher in ground beef than in lymph nodes:χ2 = 12.0, P = 0.0005. The most common resistant phenotypes involved tetracycline (40.3%), carbenicillin (26.0%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (20.8%), chloramphenicol (19.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (16.9%), while more than 55% of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and 26% were MDR. Conversely, resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems was infrequent (0–9%). MDR phenotypes were strongly associated with NTS serovar (χ2 = 24.5, P<0.0001), with Typhimurium accounting for 40% of MDR strains. Most of these (9/10), carried Salmonella genomic island 1, which harbors a class-1 integron with multiple AMR genes (aadA2, blaCARB-2, floR, sul1, tetG) that confer a penta-resistant phenotype. MDR phenotypes were also associated with mutations in the ramR gene (χ2 = 17.7, P<0.0001). Among public NTS isolates from Mexico, those from cattle and poultry had the highest proportion of MDR genotypes. Our results suggest that attaining significant improvements in AMR meat safety requires the identification and removal (or treatment) of product harboring MDR NTS, instead of screening for Salmonella spp. or for isolates showing resistance to individual antibiotics. In that sense, massive integration of whole genome sequencing (WGS) technologies in AMR surveillance provides the shortest path to accomplish these goals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance shows cattle and poultry are a moderate source of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

et al. 2021

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“…The occurrence of these bacteria in some cheese factories may be probably due to the initial bacterial load in the raw milk (Godínez‐Oviedo et al . 2020), although L. monocytogenes was absent in all samples analysed in our study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Artisanal Fresco cheese from Sonora: Physicochemical composition, microbial quality, and bacterial characterization by high‐throughput sequencing

Méndez-Romero

Reyes-Díaz

Santiago-López

et al. 2021

Int J of Dairy Tech

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The aim of the present study was to characterise the physicochemical and the microbiota composition of the artisanal Fresco cheese from Sonora. For this, cheeses of 18 small-scale artisanal dairies were analysed. The chemical composition and the microbiological quality were determined by standard methods, and bacterial diversity by high-throughput sequencing. The physicochemical composition showed differences (P < 0.05) among dairies, and the principal component analysis aggrupation of 66% dairies. The analysis by region did not show difference (P < 0.05).The microbiota most abundant were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and lactic acid bacteria in phyla and genera, respectively. These results provide insights on the characterisation of the Fresco cheese from Sonora.

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“…Salmonella Typhimurium has been an important cause of gastroenteritis in different parts of the globe [1][2][3]. It is important to emphasize that the transmission of this bacterium is mainly due to the ingestion of contaminated food such as eggs, beef, poultry, swine, and vegetables [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from humans and foods in Brazil

et al. 2020

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Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) causes gastroenteritis in many countries. However, in Brazil there are few studies that have conducted a virulence characterization of this serovar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the virulence potential of S. Typhimurium strains isolated in Brazil. Forty S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans (n = 20) and food (n = 20) from Brazil were studied regarding their invasion and survival in human epithelial cells (Caco-2) and macrophages (U937). Their virulence potential was determined using the Galleria mellonella larvae model combined with the analysis of virulence genes by whole genome sequencing (WGS). A total of 67.5% of the S. Typhimurium studied (32.5% isolated from humans and 35% isolated from food) invaded Caco-2 epithelial cells at levels similar to or greater than the S. Typhimurium SL1344 prototype strain. In addition, 37.5% of the studied strains (25% isolated from humans and 12.5% isolated from food) survived in U937 human macrophages at levels similar to or greater than SL1344. S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans (40%) and food (25%) showed high or intermediate virulence in G. mellonella larvae after seven days exposure. Approximately, 153 virulence genes of chromosomal and plasmidial origin were detected in the strains studied. In conclusion, the ability of the S. Typhimurium to invade Caco-2 epithelial cells was strain dependent and was not related to the source or the year of isolation. However, S. Typhimurium strains isolated from humans showed greater survival rates in U937 human macrophages, and presented higher proportion of isolates with a virulent profile in G. mellonella in comparison to strains isolated from food suggesting that this difference may be related to the higher frequency of human isolates which contained plasmid genes, such as spvABCDR operon, pefABCD operon, rck and mig-5.

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Salmonella entericain Mexico 2000–2017: Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Prevalence in Food

Cited by 29 publications

References 63 publications

Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance shows cattle and poultry are a moderate source of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

Genomic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance shows cattle and poultry are a moderate source of multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in Mexico

Artisanal Fresco cheese from Sonora: Physicochemical composition, microbial quality, and bacterial characterization by high‐throughput sequencing

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from humans and foods in Brazil

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