Rosmarinus plants: Key farm concepts towards food applications

Abstract

Rosmarinus species are aromatic plants that mainly grow in the Mediterranean region. They are widely used in folk medicine, food, and flavor industries and represent a valuable source of biologically active compounds (e.g., terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The extraction of rosemary essential oil is being done using three main methods: carbon dioxide supercritical extraction, steam distillation, and hydrodistillation. Furthermore, interesting antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antileishmanial, anthelmintic, anticancer, anti‐inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiamnesic effects have also been broadly recognized for rosemary plant extracts. Thus the present review summarized data on economically important Rosmarinus officinalis species, including isolation, extraction techniques, chemical composition, pharmaceutical, and food applications.

A New Phenylethanoid Glycoside From the Leaves of Rosmarinus officinalis With Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity

“…Rosmacinalis (1). White amorphous powder, [α] 13 C-NMR (CD 3 OD, 125 MHz) data are given in Table 2.…”

“…It can be used either in raw materials (fresh and dry) or in processed products (extract and essential oil) for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food applications. 1 In traditional medicinal remedies, rosemary leaves are used to treat inflammation-related diseases and pain, enhance circulation, boost the immune system, and promote hair growth. 2 Rosemary essential oil mainly contains 1,8-cineole, camphor, pinene, borneol, and limonene, which exhibit antidepressant, antimicrobial, anti-allergic, and smooth muscle relaxant effects.…”

Effects of Soil Fertilization on Terpenoids and Other Carbon-Based Secondary Metabolites in Rosmarinus officinalis Plants: A Comparative Study

“…These permanent BVOC reservoirs, principally filled with monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, constitute a potential source of BVOC emissions. Moreover, these terpenoid pools, together with other secondary metabolites (phenolics and flavonoids), in aromatic plants (such as Rosmarinus officinalis) represent a source of biologically active compounds for the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries [12,14]. In addition, there is a growing interest in the use of essential oils as possible antimicrobial agents with a low risk of microbial resistance development, offering an alternative to synthetic antibiotics [15].…”

“…Some plant species store terpenoids in specialized structures (storing plants), such as resin ducts, resin blisters, leaf storage cavities or glandular trichomes [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]; the last of these is the case for the perennial plant species of the Mediterranean area Rosmarinus officinalis [ 13 ]. These permanent BVOC reservoirs, principally filled with monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, constitute a potential source of BVOC emissions.…”

Spray-Dried Structured Lipid Carriers for the Loading of Rosmarinus officinalis: New Nutraceutical and Food Preservative

“…Herbs, spices, and essential oils are well known to possess antioxidant activity [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Rosmarinus officinalis is a common household plant [23], with significant antioxidant properties [24,25], being broadly applied in various fields, including cosmetics [26], as food preservative [27], as nutraceutical, and in phytomedicines [16,28,29]. These properties have been attributed to rosemary's polyphenolic composition, which includes mainly rosmarinic acid [30], carnosic acid, and carnosol [31].…”