<i>Rickettsia</i>spp. in Ticks, Poland

Chmielewski, Tomasz; Podsiadły, Edyta; Karbowiak, Grzegorz; Tylewska-Wierzbanowska, Stanisława

doi:10.3201/eid1503.080711

Cited by 65 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The single R. slovaca-positive tick could have fed on a host that was infected with this Rickettsia species. A single I. ricinus tick harboring R. slovaca DNA was found in another epidemiological study (58); nevertheless, the preferential vectors for R. slovaca remain Dermacentor ticks. Growth studies have shown that R. slovaca grown in D. marginatus ticks reaches much higher numbers than it does in I. ricinus ticks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method

Schötta

Wijnveld

Stockinger

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Ticks transmit a large number of pathogens capable of causing human disease. In this study, the PCR-reverse line blot (RLB) method was used to screen for pathogens in a total of 554 Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from all provinces of Austria. These pathogens belong to the genera Borrelia, Rickettsiae, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia (including "Candidatus Neoehrlichia"), Babesia, and Coxiella. The pathogens with the highest detected prevalence were spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex, in 142 ticks (25.6%). Borrelia afzelii (80/142) was the most frequently detected species, followed by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (38/142) and Borrelia valaisiana (36/142). Borrelia garinii/Borrelia bavariensis, Borrelia lusitaniae, and Borrelia spielmanii were found in 28 ticks, 5 ticks, and 1 tick, respectively. Rickettsia spp. were detected in 93 ticks (16.8%): R. helvetica (39/93), R. raoultii (38/93), R. monacensis (2/ 93), and R. slovaca (1/93). Thirteen Rickettsia samples remain uncharacterized. "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," Babesia spp. (B. venatorum, B. divergens, B. microti), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were found in 4.5%, 2.7%, and 0.7%, respectively. Coxiella burnetii was not detected. Multiple microorganisms were detected in 40 ticks (7.2%), and the cooccurrence of Babesia spp. and "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis" showed a significant positive correlation. We also compared different PCRRLBs for detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Rickettsia spp. and showed that different detection approaches provide highly diverse results, indicating that analysis of environmental samples remains challenging. IMPORTANCE This study determined the wide spectrum of tick-borne bacterial and protozoal pathogens that can be encountered in Austria. Surveillance of (putative) pathogenic microorganisms occurring in the environment is of medical importance, especially when those agents can be transmitted by ticks and cause disease. The observation of significant coinfections of certain microorganisms in field-collected ticks is an initial step to an improved understanding of microbial interactions in ticks. In addition, we show that variations in molecular detection methods, such as in primer pairs and target genes, can considerably influence the final results. For instance, detection of certain genospecies of borreliae may be better or worse by one method or the other, a fact of great importance for future screening studies.KEYWORDS Austria, Babesia, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ixodes ricinus, method comparison, reverse line blot, Rickettsia, tick screening T icks carry and transmit a variety of pathogens (bacteria, protozoa, viruses) that can lead to serious infections in humans (1). In Europe, the majority of vector-borne diseases are caused by tick-borne pathogens; thus, knowledge about such pathogens is of medical relevance.The hard tick Ixodes ricinus is the most important vector in Europe (2) and the most

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method

Schötta

Wijnveld

Stockinger

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…9). These bacteria have been found in Dermacentor marginatus and Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in a great majority of European countries, with a high percentage of ticks infected with these bacteria (208,(280)(281)(282)(283)(284)(285)(286)(287)(288)(289)(290). Dermacentor ticks usually bite hairy domestic and wild animals (291).…”

Section: Tick-borne Rickettsiae In Europe Species Identified As Pathomentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Tick-borne rickettsioses are caused by obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the spotted fever group of the genus Rickettsia . These zoonoses are among the oldest known vector-borne diseases. However, in the past 25 years, the scope and importance of the recognized tick-associated rickettsial pathogens have increased dramatically, making this complex of diseases an ideal paradigm for the understanding of emerging and reemerging infections. Several species of tick-borne rickettsiae that were considered nonpathogenic for decades are now associated with human infections, and novel Rickettsia species of undetermined pathogenicity continue to be detected in or isolated from ticks around the world. This remarkable expansion of information has been driven largely by the use of molecular techniques that have facilitated the identification of novel and previously recognized rickettsiae in ticks. New approaches, such as swabbing of eschars to obtain material to be tested by PCR, have emerged in recent years and have played a role in describing emerging tick-borne rickettsioses. Here, we present the current knowledge on tick-borne rickettsiae and rickettsioses using a geographic approach toward the epidemiology of these diseases.

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“…The Borrelia spirochetes have been shown to adhere to human and murine fibroblasts, endothelial cells, epithelial cells, macrophages, neuronal and glial cells, fibrocytes, and lymphocytes (Chmielewski & Tylewska-Wierzbanowska, 2010;Cinco et al, 2001;Coburn et al, 1998;Dorward et al, 1997;Fischer et al, 2003;Grab et al, 1999;Leong et al, 1998;Livengood & Gilmore, 2006;Montgomery et al, 1993;Peters & Benach, 1997;Rupprecht et al, 2006;Sambri et al, 1993;Thomas et al, 1994). Although the Borrelia spirochete is generally referred to as an extracellular pathogen, several investigations performed in vitro with cell cultures have demonstrated the invasive properties of Borrelia bacteria to nonprofessional phagocytic cells (Chmielewski & TylewskaWierzbanowska, 2010;Girschick et al, 1996;Hechemy et al, 1992;Klempner et al, 1993;Livengood & Gilmore, 2006;Ma et al, 1991;Wu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dissemination and Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A STING from a Tick : Epidemiology, Ecology and Clinical Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis

Wilhelmsson¹

2014

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Rickettsiaspp. in Ticks, Poland

Cited by 65 publications

References 15 publications

Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method

Approaches for Reverse Line Blot-Based Detection of Microbial Pathogens in Ixodes ricinus Ticks Collected in Austria and Impact of the Chosen Method

Update on Tick-Borne Rickettsioses around the World: a Geographic Approach

A STING from a Tick : Epidemiology, Ecology and Clinical Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis

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