Rhizocarpon smaragdulum, a new monosporic yellow-thalline species and some additional species of the genusRhizocarponfrom the Altai Mountains (Siberia)

Abstract

Rhizocarpon smaragdulum Davydov & Yakovchenko sp. nov. is described and a phylogenetic analysis (ITS, mtSSU) is presented, confirming its distinctiveness and indicating a sister relationship with R. suomiense and R. subgeminatum. The species is unique among yellow Rhizocarpon species in having a single hyaline ascospore per ascus. The phylogenetic tree suggests that the number of ascospores per ascus has been reduced in Rhizocarpon more than once during the course of its evolution. Two new distributional records are also reported: Rhizocarpon atroflavescens is new for Siberia and R. norvegicum is new for the Altai Mountains. Rhizocarpon norvegicum in this region grows on rocks and is also lichenicolous on Acarospora bullata.

Umbilicaria orientalis– a new species ofUmbilicariasubg.Papillophorawith an East Asian distribution: morphological delimitation and molecular evidence

“…Single thallus parts (100–200 mg) or 3–4 apothecia were carefully checked for fungal infections and thoroughly cleaned of extraneous matter. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing followed the methods of Davydov & Yakovchenko (2017) and those outlined in Table 2. The program Geneious 6.0 (Biomatters Ltd., New Zealand) was used for assembling partial and complementary sequences.…”

Sporastatia crassulata, a new species from the Altai Mountains with a key toSporastatiaand remarks on some additional species

“…DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing followed the methods of Davydov & Yakovchenko (2017). The Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano parameter with proportion of invariable sites and gamma-distribution (HKY+I+G) was inferred as the optimal substitution model.…”

“…This selection is based on the studies of Bendiksby & Timdal (2013) and a five-gene analysis by Miadlikowska et al (2014) in which Umbilicariales form a sister clade to Rhizocarpales. Information on these samples along with the GenBank Accession numbers are given in Table 1. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing followed the methods of Davydov & Yakovchenko (2017). The Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano parameter with proportion of invariable sites and gamma-distribution (HKY + I + G) was inferred as the optimal substitution model.…”

The phylogenetic position of species ofLecanoras. l. containing calycin and usnic acid, with the description ofLecanora solarisYakovchenko & Davydov sp. nov.

“…These markers were chosen because they were also used in the most comprehensive analyses of Lecanora by Zhao et al (2016) and many sequences are present in GenBank, whereas sequences from other loci are only available for very few species. DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing followed Davydov & Yakovchenko (2017). Sequences were aligned with those of 75 other species preferably representing type material, from Zhao et al (2016) using MAFFT in Geneious 6.0 (Biomatters Ltd., New Zealand) with default settings (auto algorithm selection, gap open penalty 1•53, offset 0•123) and manually optimized.…”