I. Production of skin tumors in mice with oxidation products of aliphatic hydrocarbons

Kotin, Paul; Falk, Hans L.; Thomas, Marilyn

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(195609/10)9:5<905::aid-cncr2820090505>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Ingalls (1950) has pointed out the possible great difference in carcinogenic hazard between soots of high tar content and soots such as industrial carbon blacks with a low tar content. However, experimentally, three main conditions determine the carcinogenicity of soots (Steiner, 1954;Kotin, 1956); e.g. (1) the presence of adequate solvent, (2) the adsorptive capacity of the adsorbent soot, (3) particle size which would determine penetration and settling out distal to the trachea.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Vehicular Exhausts

Lyons¹,

Johnston²

1957

Br J Cancer

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THE greater frequency of cancer of the lung in urban over rural populations has been well established. This has prompted the evaluation of the aetiological relevancy of agents which have been introduced or which have increased in quantity in urban atmosphares in recent years. Thus, Kotin, Falk andThomas (1954, 1955), sampling the particulate phase of exhausts from both petrol and diesel engines, identified seven polycyclic hydrocarbons spectroscopically, including the traditional animal carcinogen, 3, 4-benzpyrene, and showed their differential formation with respect to engine speed and load.The present paper records an assay for aromatic hydrocarbons of a sample of petrol exhaust soot produced under the varying conditions of normal automobile running and compares the results with those obtained from a sample of general atmospheric soot. A sample of diesel exhaust soot, collected as the engine idled, was similarly investigated. EXPERIMENTALThe twin exhaust pipes of a 3.6-litre private car were muzzled with fine hemp sacks and an exhaust sample collected over a short period of normal motoring. The sacks and contents were extracted by refluxing with acetone. The acetone extract was taken to dryness and the residue extracted by refiuxing for three 3-hour periods with petroleum-ether (B.P. 60-80°C .). The combined extracts were taken to a small volume, and the free carbon of the residual soot estimated. The concentrated extract was fractionated by adsorption chromatography.The following chromatographic procedure was employed. The concentrated extract, which contained 4.56 g. of extracted material, was layered on top of a 30 x 4 cm. column of alumina (100-200 mesh) and developed with 60-80°p etroleum-ether. The progress of the fractionation in this and subsequent chromatograms, was followed by periodic inspection of the columns under a filtered U.V. lamp. All columns were screened from diffuse daylight by wrappings of black paper, to minimize incidental photo-oxidation.In the initial chromatogram, a fast moving slightly fluorescent oil was detected in the eluate. For the full development of the chromatogram, chloroform was incorporated in the eluent to a concentration of 40 per cent. Thus more strongly adsorbed components were eluted. In all, twelve fractions were collected.As considerable overlapping of zones occurred, each fraction was separately chromatographed on 20 x 2.5 cm. columns of 100-200 mesh alumina (Spence). The first three fractions were chromatographed using petroleum-ether as eluent.The remaining nine fractions were each developed with petroleum ether containing

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Vehicular Exhausts

Lyons¹,

Johnston²

1957

Br J Cancer

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“…Guerin's group did, however, report that as the neutral fraction constitutes the largest part by weight (77%), it makes the largest contribution to the total mutagenic activity in spite of its low specific activity." 5 The mass recovery of Guerin's and Epler's procedure was found to be close to 100%. However, they found it difficult to check the recovery of mutagenic activity due to the highly bacteriotoxic effects usually found in the crude extracts."…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

Characterization of microbial mutagens in complex samples—methodology and application

Alfheim¹,

Bjørseth²,

Møller³

et al. 1984

Critical Reviews in Environmental Control

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“…However, the exact chemical andlor biochemical mechanisms underlying diesel exhaust-induced effects on biological systems are poorly understood. It has recently been shown that aqueous exhaust condensates from diesel and gasoline engines are capable of oxidative destruction of biomolecules such as ascorbic acid, cysteine and GSH, implicating the role of free radicals and other oxidant species [5]. When automobile exhaust is inhaled, an important "first line of defense" will be the respiratory tract lining fluids (RTLFs).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%