Polymyxa graminis and the cereal viruses it transmits: a research challenge

Abstract

http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/ppi/links/pplinks/plasmod/index.html, http://www.dpvweb.net/, http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/ppi/Iwgpvfv/index.html, http://www.rothamsted.bbsrc.ac.uk/ppi/links/pplinks/bymoviruses/index.html, http://oak.cats.ohiou.edu/~braselto/plasmos/

A major QTL for resistance to soil-borne cereal mosaic virus derived from an old Italian durum wheat cultivar

“…These viruses are transmitted to the roots of their host plants by Polymyxa graminis Led., a soil-borne plasmodiophorid protist that can preserve its infectivity in soil for 10 years or more (Rao and Brakke 1969;Kendall and Lommel 1988). SBCMV is prevalent in Europe, CWMV in Asia, and SBWMV (the furovirus type member) in North America (Diao et al 1999;Kanyuka et al 2003;Ratti et al 2005;Budge et al 2008). In Italy, SBCMV is widespread in the main wheat growing areas, and especially in the northern and central regions of Italy, where it causes grain yield losses often above 50% on susceptible cultivars of durum wheat (AABB genome) and common wheat This thus suggests that this cultivar and its derivatives carry a major gene or gene-block for SBCMV resistance.…”

Detection and molecular characterization of Polymyxa betae, transmitting agent of sugar beet rhizomania disease, in Iran

“…These results also showed major phylogenetic distance between the two plasmodiophorid isolates that may be re- lated to their different hosts (as the main hosts for P. graminis are Poaceae which separates them from P. betae) which corresponds with Legrève et al (2003) study. P. graminis isolates were very diverse in their ITS rDNA sequences (Legrève et al, 2002;Kanyuka et al, 2003). The lack of diversity in this region of P. betae has already been observed in other studies (Pferdmenges & Varrelmann, 2009;Smith et al, 2011Smith et al, , 2013.…”

“…The causal agent of the disease is Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and the natural vector of virus is Polymyxa betae Keskin (Fujisawa & Sugimoto, 1977). Polymyxa belongs to the order Plasmodiophora containing many genera, among which Plasmodiophora brassicae (the causal agent of brassica club root), Spongospora subterranea (the causal agent of powdery scab of potato), and P. betae are of agroeconomic importance as pathogens or virus vectors (Kanyuka et al, 2003;Rush, 2003). The vector can survive in the soil for years and transmit other different viruses including Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (Wisler, 2001), Beet soil-borne virus, and Beet virus Q (Prillwitz & Schlösser, 1992).…”

Evaluation and Verification of Barley Genotypes with Known Genes for Resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus and Barley mild mosaic virus Under Field Conditions in South Korea

“…The risk of development of soil-borne virus disease varies yearly and depends on the infection level of a given field or region. The disease severity of barley genotypes is complex; it depends on the presence of single-or multi-virus infections, the interactions between plants and the root-infecting vector transmitting BaYMV and BaMMV, and natural escape from viral infection in the field (Kanyuka et al, 2003;Suh, 1995). In Korea, four different local types of BaYMV and BaMMV were classified according to their genomic similarity in the region of viral RNA 1 of BaYMV (Park et al, 2007).…”