Phyllanthus emblicaL. Enhances Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Wound Healing and Sprouting

Abstract

Endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of impaired wound healing and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Antioxidants from natural sources decrease oxidative stress and protect against cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we examined the antioxidant constituents and capacity of Phyllanthus emblica L. (PE) fruit in freeze-dried power form. The pharmacological properties of PE were investigated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the aspects of endothelial cell proliferation, nitric oxide (NO) production, wound healing, cell migration, in vitro angiogenesis, and VEGF gene expression. The ASC content of PE was 1.574% + 0.046% (w/w) as determined by HPLC and the total phenolic content was 36.1% ± 0.7% gallic acid equivalent when measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay. The FRAP assay revealed a relatively high antioxidant capacity at 3,643 + 192.5 µmole/mg. PE at 0.1 to 10 µg/mL did not significantly influence endothelial cell proliferation, but at higher concentrations PE decreased cell survival to 62%. PE significantly promoted NO production, endothelial wound closure, endothelial sprouting, and VEGF mRNA expression. Therefore, PE is a candidate for antioxidant supplement that promotes endothelial function and restores wound healing competency.

Selected Activities of Citrus Maxima Merr. Fruits on Human Endothelial Cells: Enhancing Cell Migration and Delaying Cellular Aging

“…The scratch wound assay was performed in low serum (1% FBS) as previously described [15]. For the scratch wound assay, HUVECs were seeded in six-well plates at the density of 5000 cells/cm 2 and cultured until reaching 100% confluence.…”

“…HUVECs were obtained from trypsin extraction using the method described previously [ 15 ]. Briefly, human umbilical cords were collected under a sterile condition from the labor room of the university hospital and processed within 48 h. Cords were washed with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and enzyme digestion (0.1% collagenase) was performed at 37 °C for 30 min.…”

泰国余甘子水提物中总酚含量及抗氧化活性

“…Focusing on the fruit, it has been demonstrated that the fruits of PE are rich in phenolics (She et al, 2013) and possess antioxidant activities (Chalise et al, 2010;Sawant et al, 2010). In addition, PE fruits have been proven to have many therapeutic properties (Krishnaveni and Mirunalini, 2010;Chularojmontri et al, 2013). PE fruits have been used for anti-inflammation, anti-aging, and anti-melanogenesis.…”

Medicinal Plants and Natural Products with Demonstrated Wound Healing Properties

“…Higher levels of tissue ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase support the fact that P. emblica promotes antioxidant activity at the wound site in excision wound model [104]. Again, aqueous extract of the fruit of P. emblica (0.1 μg/mL) in scratch assay using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was shown to promote endothelial cell function and wound healing by significantly (p < 0.05) promoting NO production, endothelial wound closure, endothelial sprouting, and VEGF mRNA expression which provides further evidence to support the traditional use of P. emblica as a wound healing agent [105].…”