Periplaneta americana Extracts Promote Skin Wound Healing via Nuclear Factor Kappa B Canonical Pathway and Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase Signaling

Abstract

Periplaneta americana extracts (PAEs) exhibit wound healing properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we treated human skin fibroblasts (HSF) with PAE and the proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The wound healing and transwell migration assays were used to detect cell migration. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were analyzed by Western blot (WB). Immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the key molecular localization in the cells. The results showed that PAE enhanced the proliferation and migration of HSF cells. The expression and activation of key proteins such as RelA and p-ERK were increased in NF-κB and ERK pathways followed by nuclear translocation. In vivo, both WB and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed that PAE enhanced p-IκBα and p-ERK activation and the nuclear translocation of RelA. Our study suggests that the protective function of PAE is mediated via enhanced NF-κB and ERK signaling.

Autologous micrograft accelerates endogenous wound healing response through ERK-induced cell migration

“…We compared the levels of ERK phosphorylation (pERK) in scratched fibroblast monolayers untreated vs. AMG treated for 1h, 5h and 12h. We show that untreated fibroblasts increased pERK levels 5h after scratch injury with higher levels at 12h in agreement with the positive role of ERK pathway during cellular migration (14). In contrast, AMG treatment induced pERK at 1h with higher levels at 5h and 12h of treatment ( Fig.…”

“…Modulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -signaling pathway, a MAPK subgroup, leads to changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation and cell migration (13). ERK signaling activity is needed during WH (14) however, its specific downstream function is still controversial: while in some studies the acceleration of cutaneous WH via MAPK cascade activation has been attributed to increased cell proliferation (15), other studies have shown a specific role in cell migration induction (14).…”

Promising effects of exosomes isolated from menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cell on wound‐healing process in diabetic mouse model

“…In addition, Brantley et al identified that NF‐κB positively regulates epithelial formation in murine epithelial cells lacking IκB (Brantley et al, ). It should be noted that NF‐κB can also promote keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation through Notch signaling pathway activation (Jungtae Na et al, ; Shi et al, ; Song, Gou, Xie, Zhang, & Fu, ). NF‐κB has also been shown to regulate the epigenetics remodeling in keratinocytes through its interaction with Jumonji domain‐containing protein D3, which results in keratinocyte migration and re‐epithelialization (J. Na et al, ).…”

Effects of Plant and Animal Natural Products on Mitophagy

“…It has been employed as a traditional Chinese medicine for over 2,000 years, for its beneficial effects in activating blood circulation, dissipating blood stasis, promoting digestion, and inducing diuresis. Different P. americana extract-mediated pharmacological effects have been reported such as gastric protection [83], wound healing [84], antitumor activity [85], immunomodulation [86], and antifibrotic activity [87]. The effects of P. americana extract on lipopolysaccharide-(LPS-) induced cardiomyocyte injury was investigated by Li et al [88].…”