Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)

Dhileepan, K.; Strathie, L. W.

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511576348.015

Cited by 43 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The beetle was obtained from Queensland, Australia, where it is aiding control of P. hysterophorus in central Queensland (Dhileepan and McFadyen 2012). The beetle was released at two sites on Efate and one site on Tanna.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The status of weed biological control in Vanuatu

Day¹,

Bule²

2016

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Biological control of weeds in Vanuatu began in 1935, with the introduction of the tingid Teleonemia scrupulosa to control Lantana camara. To date, nine biological control agents have been intentionally introduced to control eight weed species. Seven of these agents have established on their respective hosts while an eighth, Zygogramma bicolorata, an agent for Parthenium hysterophorus has only recently been released and establishment is unlikely. The fate of a ninth agent, Heteropsylla spinulosa, released for the control of Mimosa diplotricha is unclear. Six other biological control agents, including Epiblema strenuana which was first detected in 2014 on P. hysterophorus on Efate have spread into the country unintentionally. Control of the target weeds range from inadequate to very good. By far the most successful agent has been Calligrapha pantherina which was introduced to control Sida acuta and Sida rhombifolia. The beetle was released on 14 islands and managed to spread to at least another 10 islands where it has effectively controlled both Sida spp. Control of the two water weeds, Eichhornia crassipes by Neochetina bruchi and N. eichhorniae and Pistia stratiotes by Neohydronomus affinis, has also been fairly good in most areas. Two agents, T. scrupulosa and Uroplata girardi, were released on L. camara, and four other agents have been found on the weed, but L. camara is still not under adequate control. The rust Puccinia spegazzinii was first released on Mikania micrantha in 2012 and successfully established. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is having an impact on M. micrantha, but detailed monitoring is required to determine its overall impact. Future prospects for weed biological control in Vanuatu are positive, with the expected greater spread of recently released agents and the introduction of new agents for P. hysterophorus, L. camara, Dolichandra unguis-cati and Spathodea campanulata.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Epiblema strenuana, which is one of the most damaging agents on P. hysterophorus in Queensland (Dhileepan and McFadyen 2012), will continue to be redistributed by Biosecurity Vanuatu in the hope that P. hysterophorus will be contained, if not controlled, on the only three islands on which the weed has been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The status of weed biological control in Vanuatu

Day¹,

Bule²

2016

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“…Although contact dermatitis is the greater problem, wind-borne parthenium pollen causes allergic rhinitis or nasobronchial allergy (Towers and Subba Rao, 1992;Agarwal and D'Souza, 2009). Biological control in Australia and India has succeeded in lowering flowering 40-82% at two study locations (Dhileepan, 2001;Dhileepan and Strathie, 2009). …”

Section: Air Pollution Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Carruthers²,

et al. 2010

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Keywords: Invasive species Ecosystem function Insect pests Invasive plants Ecological restoration Biological control Natural ecosystems a b s t r a c tOf the 70 cases of classical biological control for the protection of nature found in our review, there were fewer projects against insect targets (21) than against invasive plants (49), in part, because many insect biological control projects were carried out against agricultural pests, while nearly all projects against plants targeted invasive plants in natural ecosystems. Of 21 insect projects, 81% (17) provided benefits to protection of biodiversity, while 48% (10) protected products harvested from natural systems, and 5% (1) preserved ecosystem services, with many projects contributing to more than one goal. In contrast, of the 49 projects against invasive plants, 98% (48) provided benefits to protection of biodiversity, while 47% (23) protected products, and 25% (12) preserved ecosystem services, again with many projects contributing to several goals. We classified projects into complete control (pest generally no longer important), partial control (control in some areas but not others), and ''in progress," for projects in development for which outcomes do not yet exist. For insects, of the 21 projects discussed, 62% (13) achieved complete control of the target pest, 19% (4) provided partial control, and 43% (9) are still in progress. By comparison, of the 49 invasive plant projects considered, 27% (13) achieved complete control, while 33% (16) provided partial control, and 49% (24) are still in progress. For both categories of pests, some projects' success ratings were scored twice when results varied by region. We found approximately twice as many projects directed against invasive plants than insects and that protection of biodiversity was the most frequent benefit of both insect and plant projects. Ecosystem service protection was provided in the fewest cases by either insect or plant biological control agents, but was more likely to be provided by projects directed against invasive plants, likely because of the strong effects plants exert on landscapes. Rates of complete success appeared to be higher for insect than plant targets (62% vs 27%), perhaps because most often herbivores gradually weaken, rather than outright kill, their hosts, which is not the case for natural enemies directed against pest insects. For both insect and plant biological control, nearly half of all projects reviewed were listed as currently in progress, suggesting that the use of biological control for the protection of wildlands is currently very active.

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“…Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Asteraceae), a native of tropical America, is a major weed causing severe economic, environmental, and human and animal health problems in Australia and several countries in Asia, Africa, and the PaciÞc (Dhileepan and Strathie 2009). Parthenium, a Weed of National SigniÞcance in Australia (http://www.weeds.org.au/ WoNS/parthenium), occurs mainly in Queensland as a major weed in grazing areas, where it reduces beef production by as much as AU $16.5 million annually (Chippendale and Panetta 1994).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parthenium, a Weed of National SigniÞcance in Australia (http://www.weeds.org.au/ WoNS/parthenium), occurs mainly in Queensland as a major weed in grazing areas, where it reduces beef production by as much as AU $16.5 million annually (Chippendale and Panetta 1994). Parthenium also affects crops, as well as roadside and riparian areas, and also acts as a reservoir host for insect pests and plant pathogens of crop plants (Dhileepan and Strathie 2009). Parthenium is a human health hazard, causing severe dermatitis and respiratory problems (McFadyen 1995) Parthenium has been a target for classical biological control since the mid-1970s and, since then, nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been released (Dhileepan and Strathie 2009).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction, Establishment, and Potential Geographic Range of Carmenta sp. nr ithacae (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Biological Control Agent for Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in Australia

Dhileepan¹,

Treviño²,

Vitelli³

et al. 2012

env. entom.

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Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.), a major weed causing economic, environmental, and human and animal health problems in Australia and several countries in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific, has been a target for biological control in Australia since the mid-1970s. Nine species of insects and two rust fungi have been introduced as biological control agents into Australia. These include Carmenta sp. nr ithacae, a root feeding agent from Mexico. The larvae of C. sp. nr ithacae bore through the stem-base into the root where they feed on the cortical tissue of the taproot. During 1998-2002, 2,816 larval-infested plants and 387 adults were released at 31 sites across Queensland, Australia. Evidence of field establishment was first observed in two of the release sites in central Queensland in 2004. Annual surveys at these sites and nonrelease sites during 2006-2011 showed wide variations in the incidence and abundance of C. sp. nr ithacae between years and sites. Surveys at three of the nine release sites in northern Queensland and 16 of the 22 release sites in central Queensland confirmed the field establishment of C. sp. nr ithacae in four release sites and four nonrelease sites, all in central Queensland. No field establishment was evident in the inland region or in northern Queensland. A CLIMEX model based on the native range distribution of C. sp. nr ithacae predicts that areas east of the dividing range along the coast are more suitable for field establishment than inland areas. Future efforts to redistribute this agent should be restricted to areas identified as climatically favorable by the CLIMEX model.

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Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)

Cited by 43 publications

References 67 publications

The status of weed biological control in Vanuatu

The status of weed biological control in Vanuatu

Classical biological control for the protection of natural ecosystems

Introduction, Establishment, and Potential Geographic Range of <I>Carmenta</I> sp. nr <I>ithacae</I> (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), a Biological Control Agent for <I>Parthenium hysterophorus</I> (Asteraceae) in Australia

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