“…Phytohormones, such as auxins (e.g., IAA, the most common auxin), CK, GAs, ABA, ET, SA, and jasmonates play important roles in growth and development of plants as well as in plant resistance/tolerance to abiotic stresses and in plant interactions with various mutualistic fungi ( Cakmak and Marschner, 1992 ; Sirrenberg et al, 2007 ; Vadassery et al, 2008 ; Schäfer et al, 2009a , b ; Camehl et al, 2010 ; Lee et al, 2011 ; Gutjahr and Parniske, 2013 ; Johnson et al, 2013 ; Miransari et al, 2014 ; Zhang Y. et al, 2015 ; Kopittke, 2016 ; Naser and Shani, 2016 ; Tian et al, 2017 ; Inahashi et al, 2018 ; Mathur et al, 2018 ). Endo- and ectomycorrhizal fungi, N 2 -fixing rhizobacteria and a large number of fungal and bacterial endophytes colonize the roots and confer benefits to the roots in addition to its effects to the leaves.…”