Abstract:Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is one of the leading causes of community‐acquired pneumonia and can cause a number of extrapulmonary manifestations in the absence of pneumonia. In this regard, primary care physicians should know how to suspect, diagnose, and manage patients with Mp infection. This review gives a general overview of the basic clinical aspects of Mp infection with special reference to pneumonia, which will help further understanding of the disease.
“…Pneumonia is a lung parenchyma infection that is prevalent in any age group and is known as the sixth cause of death and the most common death-related infectious syndrome (1,2). Atypical Pneumonia syndrome causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection that can be characterized by gradual onset, dry cough, shortness of breath, extraterrestrial symptoms (such as headache, muscle aches, fatigue, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) (3)(4)(5). Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia.…”
Background: Atypical pneumonia is an upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of atypical pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia by culture and molecular PCR methods in Tehran. Methods: In the present study, 102 samples of throat swab were collected from patients with respiratory infections. All samples were cultured in liquid PPLO Broth And solid PPLO agar media (1% glucose and 20% horse serum). The PCR technique with specific primers was implemented after culture and genome extraction through phenol-chloroform technique. Results: In this study, 27 (26.47%) colonies of Mycoplasma were isolated on PPLO agar medium. Using specific primers, it was found that 33 samples (32.4%) were positive in terms of Mycoplasma genus and 14 samples (13.7%) were positive for the presence of M. pneumonia. Conclusions: Mycoplasma pneumonia is a pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections in humans. Molecular PCR method is a quick and sensitive technique that has higher sensitivity and specificity than other methods. The obtained results may contribute to the specific treatment of some patients with symptoms of respiratory infections.
Informed Consent:Patients were recruited through a complete and informed questionnaire, followed by a complete description of the research and complete patient satisfaction.
“…Pneumonia is a lung parenchyma infection that is prevalent in any age group and is known as the sixth cause of death and the most common death-related infectious syndrome (1,2). Atypical Pneumonia syndrome causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection that can be characterized by gradual onset, dry cough, shortness of breath, extraterrestrial symptoms (such as headache, muscle aches, fatigue, sore throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea) (3)(4)(5). Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia.…”
Background: Atypical pneumonia is an upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of atypical pneumonia caused by M. pneumonia by culture and molecular PCR methods in Tehran. Methods: In the present study, 102 samples of throat swab were collected from patients with respiratory infections. All samples were cultured in liquid PPLO Broth And solid PPLO agar media (1% glucose and 20% horse serum). The PCR technique with specific primers was implemented after culture and genome extraction through phenol-chloroform technique. Results: In this study, 27 (26.47%) colonies of Mycoplasma were isolated on PPLO agar medium. Using specific primers, it was found that 33 samples (32.4%) were positive in terms of Mycoplasma genus and 14 samples (13.7%) were positive for the presence of M. pneumonia. Conclusions: Mycoplasma pneumonia is a pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections in humans. Molecular PCR method is a quick and sensitive technique that has higher sensitivity and specificity than other methods. The obtained results may contribute to the specific treatment of some patients with symptoms of respiratory infections.
Informed Consent:Patients were recruited through a complete and informed questionnaire, followed by a complete description of the research and complete patient satisfaction.
“…Moreover, the widespread application of these drugs has led to elevated rate of ML-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) throughout the world (7,12,13). MRMP infection has been shown to cause prolonged treatment, persistent cough, and an elevated time of fever reduction compared with those infections sensitive to treatment (14,15). Currently, the MRMP has been reported more than 90% in Asia and 26% in the Europe (7,8,16).…”
Objective: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The global increased resistance of M. pneumoniae strains to macrolide (ML) has become a worrisome health problem. The widespread use of these drugs has led to increased rate of reported ML-resistant M. pneumoniae (MRMP) throughout the world. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the resistance of M. pneumoniae against erythromycin due to mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of patients with respiratory infections in Iran.Results: According to the findings of the present study, employing specific primers showed that 17 cases (17%) were positive for mycoplasma genus and 6 cases (6%) positive for M. pneumoniae species. Also, analysis of the sequence of 23S rRNA gene, revealed that one of the samples had mutations at positions A2431G and G2491A. Measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), revealed that all samples positive for M. pneumoniae with 23S rRNA gene were sensitive to erythromycin, and no ML resistance was reported.
“…Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), determined in 41.1% of pediatric and 13.0% of adult CAP cases in Japan. 1,2 Most available antimicrobial agents, especially beta-lactam agents, 3 are not effective against M. pneumoniae; 4 thus, risk factors and clinical manifestations have been intensively investigated. Till date, school-aged children and adolescents, 3 persistent cough, 5 vomiting or diarrhea, 6 and autumn or winter outbreak 7 have been identified as factors associated with M. pneumoniae infections.…”
Background
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common pathogen causing pneumonia; macrolide‐resistant strains are rapidly spreading across Japan. However, the clinical features of macrolide‐resistant M. pneumoniae pneumonia have not been well established. Here, we evaluated the clinical characteristics and seasonal variations in the prevalence of M. pneumoniae with macrolide‐resistant mutations (MRM).MethodsThe monthly prevalence of MRM in M. pneumoniae strains isolated from May 2016 to April 2017 was retrospectively analyzed, and the clinical characteristics of pneumonia cases with MRM were compared to those of cases without MRM. The M. pneumoniae isolates and point mutations at site 2063 or 2064 in domain V of 23S rRNA were evaluated by the GENECUBE system and GENECUBE Mycoplasma detection kit.Results
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was identified in 383 cases, including 221 cases of MRM (57.7%). The MRM prevalence was 86.3% (44/51) between May and July 2016, demonstrating an apparent decrease in September 2016, subsequently reaching 43.0% (34/79) in November 2016. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia was diagnosed in 275 cases, including 222 pediatric and 53 adult cases. Macrolide use preceding evaluation was found to be the only feature of MRM pneumonia cases both in children (odds ratio [OR] 3.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.72–8.66) and in adults (OR 7.43, 95% CI: 1.67–33.1).ConclusionsThe determination rate of MRM varied widely throughout the year, and our study demonstrated the challenges in predicting M. pneumoniae with MRM based on clinical features at diagnosis. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the prevalence of MRM is warranted, which may help in selecting an effective treatment.
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