Mycoplasma iowaeinfection in young Turkeys

Abstract

SUMMARYA comparison was made of the effect of five different strains of M. iowae after inoculation of one-day-old poults via the thoracic air sac and foot pad. Three strains appeared to be more virulent and more invasive than the other two, causing stunting, poor feathering and leg abnormalities including chondrodystrophy. One of these three strains was used in a second experiment in which three routes of infection were compared. Infection in ovo caused a severe generalised disease in hatched poults with high mortality. The only two birds which survived into the third week developed chondrodystrophy. One group was infected orally at one day of age and some birds developed bone and joint abnormalities but another group, infected via both the thoracic air sac and the foot pad, also at one day of age, developed a higher incidence of these, abnormalities, which included chondrodystrophy, rotated tibia, deviated toes and, in a few cases, erosion of the articular cartilage of the hock joint. Some of the control uninfected birds developed leg abnormalities but never chondrodystrophy, rotated tibia or cartilage erosion. M. iowae was most widely disseminated in tissues following in ovo infection and least after oral infection. Isolations became less frequent with age and no organisms were recovered in birds sampled at 12 weeks. In neither experiment could antibodies to M. iowae be detected by rapid agglutination.

Mycoplasma iowaeassociated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys

“…Mycoplasma iowae infection in turkey breeder hens causes late embryo mortality, reduced hatchability (2 to 5%), and leg abnormalities in progeny (Bradbury et al, 1988;Trampel & Goll, 1994;Bradbury & Kleven, 2008). In experimentally infected chickens and turkeys, M. iowae also induced airsacculitis, tenosynovitis and arthritis, rupture of digital flexor tendons, rotated tibia, and cartilage erosion (Trampel & Goll, 1994;Bradbury & Kleven, 2008).…”

“…In experimentally infected chickens and turkeys, M. iowae also induced airsacculitis, tenosynovitis and arthritis, rupture of digital flexor tendons, rotated tibia, and cartilage erosion (Trampel & Goll, 1994;Bradbury & Kleven, 2008). Following experimental infections of 1-day-old poults (Bradbury et al, 1988), M. iowae caused stunting, poor feathering, and leg abnormalities including chondrodystrophy. Infection in ovo caused severe generalized disease in hatched poults with high mortality, and the only two birds that survived into the third week developed chondrodystrophy (Bradbury et al, 1988).…”

“…M. iowae was most widely disseminated in tissues following in ovo infection, and least disseminated after oral infection. Isolations became less frequent with age and no organisms were recovered in birds sampled at 12 weeks (Bradbury et al, 1988). Trampel & Goll (1994) described 17-day-old turkey poults with leg weakness, dehydration, chondrodystrophy of the hock joints, clear fluid in hock joint spaces, valgus deformities, shortening of the tarsometatarsal bones, and curled toes associated with M. iowae.…”

“…Following experimental infections of 1-day-old poults (Bradbury et al, 1988), M. iowae caused stunting, poor feathering, and leg abnormalities including chondrodystrophy. Infection in ovo caused severe generalized disease in hatched poults with high mortality, and the only two birds that survived into the third week developed chondrodystrophy (Bradbury et al, 1988). M. iowae was most widely disseminated in tissues following in ovo infection, and least disseminated after oral infection.…”

Mycoplasma Iowae Species-Specific DNA Probe

“…[1][2][3]10,14 Strains of MI are homogeneous in some characteristics and heterogeneous in others. Thus, biochemical tests, immunofluorescence, and protein profiling by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) have tended to be group specific, whereas growth inhibition and restriction enzyme analysis of DNA patterns have tended to be strain-specific tests.…”