<i>Mycoplasma iowae</i>associated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys

Ley, David; Marusak, Rosemary A.; Vivas, Eduardo J.; Barnes, H. John; Fletcher, O. J.

doi:10.1080/03079451003599276

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In experimental infections, M. iowae causes embryo death in turkey (36) and chicken eggs (4). M. iowae commercial infections have been identified in turkey poults, resulting in a variety of leg abnormalities (16,31), which can have a negative impact upon meat production.…”

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Conserved Terminal Organelle Morphology and Function in Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma iowae

2012

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Within the genus Mycoplasma are species whose cells have terminal organelles, polarized structures associated with cytadherence and gliding motility. Mycoplasma penetrans , found mostly in HIV-infected patients, and Mycoplasma iowae , an economically significant poultry pathogen, are members of the Mycoplasma muris phylogenetic cluster. Both species have terminal organelles that interact with host cells, yet the structures in these species, or any in the M. muris cluster, remain uncharacterized. Time-lapse microcinematography of two strains of M. penetrans , GTU-54-6A1 and HF-2, and two serovars of M. iowae , K and N, show that the terminal organelles of both species play a role in gliding motility, with differences in speed within and between the two species. The strains and serovars also differed in their hemadsorption abilities that positively correlated with differences in motility speeds. No morphological differences were observed between M. penetrans and M. iowae by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and light microscopy of M. penetrans and M. iowae showed the presence of membranous filaments connecting pairs of dividing cells. Breaking of this filament during cell division was observed for M. penetrans by microcinematography, and this suggests a role for motility during division. The Triton X-100-insoluble fractions of M. penetrans and M. iowae consisted of similar structures that were unique compared to those identified in other mycoplasma species. Like other polarized mycoplasmas, M. penetrans and M. iowae have terminal organelles with cytadherence and gliding functions. The difference in function and morphology of the terminal organelles suggests that mycoplasmas have evolved terminal organelles independently of one another.

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Conserved Terminal Organelle Morphology and Function in Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma iowae

2012

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“…Naturally occurring infections in turkeys commonly result in late embryo mortality, leading to a 2–5% decrease in hatchability, and leg abnormalities in offspring [2]–[4]. Experimental infections give rise to airsacculitis, stunting, poor feathering, and/or leg and joint problems [3], [4]. M. iowae can be recovered from the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and kidneys of orally infected day-old poults, suggesting invasiveness [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation and Toxicity by a Catalase from Mycoplasma iowae

et al. 2014

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Mycoplasma iowae is a well-established avian pathogen that can infect and damage many sites throughout the body. One potential mediator of cellular damage by mycoplasmas is the production of H2O2 via a glycerol catabolic pathway whose genes are widespread amongst many mycoplasma species. Previous sequencing of M. iowae serovar I strain 695 revealed the presence of not only genes for H2O2 production through glycerol catabolism but also the first documented mycoplasma gene for catalase, which degrades H2O2. To test the activity of M. iowae catalase in degrading H2O2, we studied catalase activity and H2O2 accumulation by both M. iowae serovar K strain DK-CPA, whose genome we sequenced, and strains of the H2O2-producing species Mycoplasma gallisepticum engineered to produce M. iowae catalase by transformation with the M. iowae putative catalase gene, katE. H2O2-mediated virulence by M. iowae serovar K and catalase-producing M. gallisepticum transformants were also analyzed using a Caenorhabditis elegans toxicity assay, which has never previously been used in conjunction with mycoplasmas. We found that M. iowae katE encodes an active catalase that, when expressed in M. gallisepticum, reduces both the amount of H2O2 produced and the amount of damage to C. elegans in the presence of glycerol. Therefore, the correlation between the presence of glycerol catabolism genes and the use of H2O2 as a virulence factor by mycoplasmas might not be absolute.

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“…iowae has been associated with the occurrence of valgus and skeletal deformities in turkeys in the field, where deformities of the vertebrae, shortening of the tarsometatarsal bones and curling of toes were observed (Trampel & Goll, 1994;Ley et al, 2010). Histological examination revealed irregular joint surfaces due to degeneration and necrosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tel: '31 570660386. E-mail: w.landman@gddeventer.com material with loss and necrosis of chondrocytes (Ley et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal field study on the occurrence ofMycoplasma synoviaein Dutch turkey flocks with lameness and experimental induction of the condition

Landman

Feberwee

2012

Avian Pathology

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Four meat turkey farms with a history of lameness were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma synoviae by testing one flock per farm for antibodies with the rapid plate agglutination (RPA) test and/or for M. synoviae DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Flocks were sampled every 2 weeks from 6 weeks of age until slaughter. If PCR results were positive, tracheal swabs were taken for mycoplasma isolation and swollen joints were sampled for general bacteriology, mycoplasma culture and virology. In one flock, all M. synoviae diagnostic tests were negative but reovirus was isolated. In the other flocks, M. synoviae was the only pathogen associated with lameness due to joint disease. M. synoviae RPA tests became positive 6 to 8 weeks later than PCR. An experimental infection was then conducted in male meat turkeys in which a negative control group was sham inoculated at 8 weeks of age, while three other groups were inoculated intravenously with M. synoviae. Turkeys in group LCh were given 10 5 colony-forming units (CFU) of an arthropathic M. synoviae chicken strain at 8 weeks; group LHCh was given a low (10 5 CFU) dose at 8 weeks, followed by a high (10 8 CFU) dose at 12 weeks, of the same chicken strain; and group HTu was inoculated with 10 8 CFU of a M. synoviae turkey joint isolate from the field study. Post-mortem examination, histopathology, serology, bacteriology and mycoplasma culture were performed at 19 weeks of age. A dose effect was found after comparing the LCh and the LHCh groups. No significant difference was observed between the HTu (10 8 CFU/bird) and the LCh (10 5 CFU/bird) group regarding the number of turkeys with arthritis, the number of M. synoviae reisolations and the mean microscopic lesion scores of joints, indicating that the M. synoviae chicken strain has greater arthropathogenic potential and that infection of turkeys in the field with such a strain may possibly have a greater clinical and economic impact.

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Mycoplasma iowaeassociated with chondrodystrophy in commercial turkeys

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Conserved Terminal Organelle Morphology and Function in Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma iowae

Conserved Terminal Organelle Morphology and Function in Mycoplasma penetrans and Mycoplasma iowae

Reduction of Hydrogen Peroxide Accumulation and Toxicity by a Catalase from Mycoplasma iowae

Longitudinal field study on the occurrence ofMycoplasma synoviaein Dutch turkey flocks with lameness and experimental induction of the condition

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