<i>Mycoplasma</i> species in cats with lower airway disease: improved detection and species identification using a polymerase chain reaction assay

Reed, Nicki; Simpson, Kerry; Ayling, Roger D.; Nicholas, Robin A.J.; Gunn-Moore, Danièlle

doi:10.1177/1098612x12451796

Cited by 11 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A recent study showed that the differential cell count of BALF can significantly differ between different lung segments in cats. 26 Therefore, the grade and type of inflammation might have been misinterpreted by sampling only one 15 In this study, M felis was detected in cats with and without signs of respiratory tract disease, suggesting that this species might represent a non-pathogenic Mycoplasma species in the feline respiratory tract, potentially acting as a secondary pathogen if host defence mechanisms are impaired. Because M felis was the only Mycoplasma species detected in this study, no conclusion can be drawn regarding the pathogenicity of other species in feline respiratory disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Schulz

Richter

Weber

et al. 2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Little is known about the aetiology of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma (FA) and chronic bronchitis (CB). The study population consisted of 17 cats with FA/CB, and 14 sick cats without clinical and historical signs of respiratory disease, which were euthanased for various other reasons. Nasal swabs, nasal lavage and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were taken from patients from both groups. Mycoplasma species culture with modified Hayflick agar and Mycoplasma polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on all samples followed by sequencing of all Mycoplasma species-positive samples for differentiation of subspecies. PCR testing detected significantly more Mycoplasma species-positive BALF samples than Mycoplasma culture (P = 0.021). When cats with oropharyngeal contamination were excluded from comparison, the numbers of Mycoplasma species-positive BALF samples in the group with FA/CB (6/17) and the control group (4/9) were not significantly different (P = 0.6924). While all nasal samples of the cats with FA/CB were negative for Mycoplasma organisms, five samples in the control group (P = 0.041) were positive on PCR. Sequencing revealed Mycoplasma felis in all PCR-positive samples. Mycoplasma species can be detected in the lower airways of cats with FA/CB, as well as in the BALF of sick cats without respiratory signs. Further studies are warranted to investigate the possibility that Mycoplasma species represent commensals of the lower respiratory tract of cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Schulz

Richter

Weber

et al. 2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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“…Finally, the laboratory techniques used to identify exposure to mycoplasmas and to characterize the species were different among studies. Although PCR may be more sensitive than culture, there is no clear evidence to ascertain a difference in diagnostic accuracy between the 2 techniques . When mycoplasmal culture was performed, 1 study used PCR for species identification whereas another used serology .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to detect mycoplasmal organisms from culture samples and clinical specimens and to accurately identify species . By amplifying mycoplasmal DNA, PCR may be more sensitive than culture . However, it may not indicate active infection, decreasing its specificity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta‐analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs

Jambhekar¹,

Robin

Boedec

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background The pathogenic role of mycoplasmas in the lower respiratory tract (LRT) of dogs is debated, because mycoplasmas can be isolated from both healthy and sick dogs. Objectives To critically assess available data from controlled observational studies on the role of 4 mycoplasma species in LRT disease of dogs. Design Systematic review and meta‐analyses. Methods Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant publications. Risk of bias was assessed by the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Meta‐analyses, stratified by mycoplasmal species, were performed using a random effects Bayesian model with noninformative priors to estimate pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma canis, Mycoplasma spumans, and Mycoplasma edwardii and LRT disease in dogs. Results Five studies were included from 1201 references identified. All studies dealt with M. cynos, whereas 3 dealt with the other mycoplasma species. A significant association was found between M. cynos and LRT disease (Bayesian OR, 3.60; CI, 1.31‐10.29). Conversely, M. canis, M. spumans, and M. edwardii were not significantly associated with LRT signs (Bayesian OR, 1.06; CI, 0.10‐14.63; Bayesian OR, 3.40; CI, 0.16‐54.27; and Bayesian OR, 1.04; CI, 0.05‐23.54, respectively). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Results support a pathogenic role of M. cynos and a commensal role of M. canis and M. edwardii in LRT in dogs. Although the association was not significant based on the CI, the point estimate of the Bayesian OR was relatively high for M. spumans, making its role less clear. Mycoplasma cynos‐specific polymerase chain reaction should be considered on samples from dogs with LRT.

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“…6 Prevalence of mycoplasmal infection was estimated to be approximately 15% in a recent study utilizing PCR for detection in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from cats with lower airway disease. 9 Lower airway disease, including feline asthma and chronic bronchitis, is a significant problem in cats. Based on the available data and potential for exacerbation of these conditions, evaluating for the existence of concurrent infection with Mycoplasma species is recommended.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,[10][11][12][13] An additional study diagnosed mycoplasmal infection based on PCR isolation where culture results were negative. 9 Utilization of PCR also allowed for speciation, and M felis, Mycoplasma gateae and Mycoplasma feliminutum were each documented in a single case. 9 This was the first report of M feliminutum in the feline lower airway.…”

Section: Lower Respiratory Tract Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Feline respiratory disease

Lee‐Fowler

2014

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Mycoplasma species in cats with lower airway disease: improved detection and species identification using a polymerase chain reaction assay

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis

A systematic review and meta‐analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs

Feline respiratory disease

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