A systematic review and meta‐analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs

Jambhekar, Anisha; Robin, Elisabeth; Boedec, Kevin Le

doi:10.1111/jvim.15568

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…Since then M. cynos has been detected in many other cases of CIRDC, often concurrently with viral infections, confounding the interpretation of its role in the pathogenesis of CIRDC (reviewed by Priestnall et al, 2014;Maboni et al, 2018). However, Zeugswetter et al (2007 reported an outbreak of M. cynos monoinfection in a litter of 3-week-old golden retriever pups and a recent study supports the role of M. cynos as a primary pathogen in the lower respiratory tract (Jambhekar et al, 2019).…”

Section: Biology and Pathophysiology Of Pathogens In Cirdcmentioning

confidence: 95%

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Day

Carey

Clercx

et al. 2020

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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The canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is an endemic worldwide syndrome involving multiple viral and bacterial pathogens. Traditionally, Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine herpesvirus (CHV) and canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV) were considered the major causative agents. Lately, new pathogens have been implicated in the development of CIRDC, namely canine influenza virus (CIV), canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV), canine pneumovirus (CnPnV), Mycoplasma cynos and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. To better understand the role of the different pathogens in the development of CIRDC and their epidemiological relevance in Europe, prevalence data were collected from peerreviewed publications and summarized. Evidence of exposure to Bb is frequently found in healthy and diseased dogs and client-owned dogs are as likely to be infected as kennelled dogs. Co-infections with viral pathogens are common. The findings confirm that Bb is an important cause of CIRDC in Europe. CAV-2 and CDV recovery rates from healthy and diseased dogs are low and the most likely explanation for this is control through vaccination. Seroconversion to CHV can be demonstrated following CIRDC outbreaks and CHV has been detected in the lower respiratory tract of diseased dogs. There is some evidence that CHV is not a primary cause of CIRDC, but opportunistically re-activates at the time of infection and exacerbates the disease. The currently available data suggest that CIV is, at present, neither a prevalent nor a significant pathogen in Europe. CPiV remains an important pathogen in CIRDC and facilitates co-infection with other viral and bacterial pathogens. CnPnV and CRCoV are important new elements in the aetiology of CIRDC and spread particularly well in multi-dog establishments. M. cynos is common in Europe and is more likely to occur in younger and kennelled dogs. This organism is frequently found together with other CIRDC pathogens and is significantly associated with more severe respiratory signs. S. zooepidemicus infection is not common and appears to be a particular problem in kennels. Protective immunity against respiratory diseases is rarely complete, and generally only a reduction in clinical signs and excretion of pathogen can be achieved through vaccination. However, even vaccines that only reduce and do not prevent infection carry epidemiological advantages. They reduce spread, increase herd immunity and decrease usage of antimicrobials. Recommending vaccination of dogs against pathogens of CIRDC will directly provide epidemiological advantages to the population and the individual dog.

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Section: Biology and Pathophysiology Of Pathogens In Cirdcmentioning

confidence: 95%

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Day

Carey

Clercx

et al. 2020

Journal of Comparative Pathology

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“…The incubation period of MP infection is 1–3 weeks or more, and the severity of lung inflammation varies in different children. In recent years, studies all over the world have shown that MP infection can not only cause respiratory symptoms, but also cause pulmonary complications, hypoxemia, and multi-system functional damage such as circulation, digestion, and nerves, and even endanger life, seriously reducing children’s quality of life and life safety ( 7 , 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical analysis of the epidemiology and changes in inflammatory indexes of Mycoplasma pneumonia in acute and recovery stage pediatric patients

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Yan³

2022

Transl Pediatr

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Background: As Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is on the rise in children and adolescents, this work explored the clinical analysis of epidemiological and inflammatory changes in children with MPP during the acute and convalescent phases, and analyzed their relationship with clinical manifestations.Methods: One hundred and twenty MP patients (experimental group) and 100 healthy children (control group) were selected as the research objects. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the changes in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and procalcitonin (PCT). Results:The proportion of children aged 3-7 years was significantly higher than that of other age groups (0-1, 1-3, and 7-14 years old) (P<0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and PCT in children with MP were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Changes in pulmonary fibrosis and serum and pleural fluid TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and PCT concentrations on chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) in children with MP with pleural effusion significantly higher than that in children without pulmonary fibrosis (P<0.05).Conclusions: MPP was more common in children aged 3-7 years. In addition, the changes of inflammatory markers TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and PCT in serum and pleural effusion of children with MP were of great value for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the disease.

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“…Mycoplasma cynos has previously been identified in one cat with conjunctivitis, though more research is required to understand its pathogenic potential (29). By comparison Mycoplasma cynos has been identified in samples from dogs with respiratory disease (30,31). Influenza virus remains a relatively rare occurrence in American cats and has primarily been associated with outbreak situations or spillover events and was not expected to be found in this study (32)(33)(34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Identification of pathogens in respiratory samples of shelter cats in New York State

Stout

André

Tejada

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ObjectivesUpper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is common across feline populations. Feline coronavirus (FCoV) frequently circulates widely and has occasionally been noted to have a potential role in respiratory disease. The aim of this cross-sectional pilot study was to investigate common respiratory pathogens and FCoV in shelter cats.MethodsCats were enrolled at two animal shelters in New York state between November 2018 and March 2020 and considered either clinical for URTD or apparently healthy. Respiratory samples were submitted to the Cornell Animal Health Diagnostic Center for routine upper respiratory diagnostic testing. Additional qRT-PCR was performed on respiratory and fecal samples to investigate the presence of FCoV.ResultsFive pathogens were identified in this population: Bordetella, feline calicivirus (FCV), M. felis, panleukopenia, and pneumovirus. FCV was the only pathogen associated with URTD signs. Pneumovirus was identified in two cats. FCoV was present in respiratory samples from one cat, who later developed gastrointestinal disease. Fecal shedding of FCoV was observed in 30% of URTD cases, compared to 11% of cats without URTD, but was not statistically significant. Conclusions and relevanceCommon respiratory pathogens were identified in cats with and without URTD. One cat tested positive for FCoV in a respiratory sample; FCoV shedding the feces was common, but not statistically significant, in cats with respiratory disease. Two cats were identified as shedding pneumovirus. The significance of pneumovirus to feline respiratory disease remains unknown and in further need of study.

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A systematic review and meta‐analyses of the association between 4 mycoplasma species and lower respiratory tract disease in dogs

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Aetiology of Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex and Prevalence of its Pathogens in Europe

Clinical analysis of the epidemiology and changes in inflammatory indexes of Mycoplasma pneumonia in acute and recovery stage pediatric patients

Identification of pathogens in respiratory samples of shelter cats in New York State

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