<i>Mycoplasma genitalium</i>: a brief review

Roux, M; Hoosen, Anwar A.

doi:10.1080/10158782.2010.11441402

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… Mycoplasma genitalium is a fastidious, slow growing organism, the smallest prokaryote capable of independent replication with a genome size of only 580 Kb coding for fewer than 500 genes [1]. The genera Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma are of the class Mollicutes [2]. M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma genitalium: A Review

Gnanadurai

Fifer

2020

Microbiology

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Mycoplasma genitalium is a fastidious organism of the class Mollicutes, the smallest prokaryote capable of independent replication. First isolated in 1981, much is still unknown regarding its natural history in untreated infection. It is recognized as a sexually transmitted pathogen causing acute and chronic non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in men, with a growing body of evidence to suggest it also causes cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Its role in several other clinical syndromes is uncertain. The majority of people infected remain asymptomatic and clear infection without developing disease; asymptomatic screening is therefore not recommended. Prevalence rates are higher in patients attending sexual health clinics and in men with NGU. Limited availability of diagnostics has encouraged syndromic management, resulting in widespread antimicrobial resistance and given that few antimicrobial classes have activity against M. genitalium , there is significant concern regarding the emergence of untreatable strains. There is a need for wider availability of testing, which should include detection of macrolide resistance mediating mutations. Expertise in interpretation of microbiological results with clinical correlation ensures targeted treatment avoiding unnecessary antibiotic exposure. Public health surveillance nationally and internationally is vital in monitoring and responding to changing epidemiology trends. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of M. genitalium , including epidemiology, clinical and microbiological data, and discuss treatment challenges in the era of rising multidrug resistance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma genitalium: A Review

Gnanadurai

Fifer

2020

Microbiology

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“…Often termed as the “naked bacteria”, 66 M. genitalium is not susceptible to antibiotics that inhibit cell wall formation. Besides the limited range of antibiotics present for managing this organism, the lack of easy and routine methods to determine antimicrobial susceptibility further adds to the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em> infections: current treatment options and resistance issues

Sethi¹,

Zaman²,

Jain³

2017

IDR

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Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the important causes of non-gonococcal urethritis. Rising incidence and emerging antimicrobial resistance are a major concern these days. The poor clinical outcomes with doxycycline therapy led to the use of azithromycin as the primary drug of choice. Single-dose azithromycin regimen over a period of time was changed to extended regimen following studies showing better clinical cures and less risk of resistance development. However, emerging macrolide resistance, either due to transmission of resistance or drug pressure has further worsened the management of this infection. The issues of drug resistance and treatment failures also exist in cases of M. genitalium infection. At present, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. genitalium strains is an alarming sign for its treatment and the associated public health impact due to its complications. However, newer drugs like pristinamycin, solithromycin, sitafloxacin, and others have shown a hope for the clinical cure, but need further clinical trials to optimize the therapeutic dosing schedules and formulate appropriate treatment regimens. Rampant and inappropriate use of these newer drugs will further sabotage future attempts to manage MDR strains. There is currently a need to formulate diagnostic algorithms and etiology-based treatment regimens rather than the syndromic approach, preferably using combination therapy instead of a monotherapy. Awareness about the current guidelines and recommended treatment regimens among clinicians and local practitioners is of utmost importance. Antimicrobial resistance testing and global surveillance are required to assess the efficacy of current treatment regimens and for guiding future research for the early detection and management of MDR M. genitalium infections.

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The two-sided role of the vaginal microbiome in Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium pathogenesis

Molenaar

Singer

Ouburg

2018

Journal of Reproductive Immunology

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Sexually transmitted infections (STI) can have major consequences for the reproductive health of women. Mycoplasma genitalium is a STI that is not as well studied but causes pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among other complications. Another well-known STI is Chlamydia trachomatis, notorious for its capability to cause infertility. Both C. trachomatis and M. genitalium share some of the same clinical aspects. Parts of the pathogenesis of C. trachomatis and M. genitalium infections are unclear but potential factors are the microbiome and other STIs. The healthy vaginal microbiome is dominated by Lactobacillus spp; these bacteria protect the host against invading bacteria like C. trachomatis and M. genitalium by producing antibacterial compounds and providing a mechanical barrier. A dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome is characterized by a non-Lactobacillus spp. dominated microbiome, also known as bacterial vaginosis (BV). BV and BV associated bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of STIs such as C. trachomatis and M. genitalium. The different species of BV associated bacteria have distinct characteristics that could play a role in C. trachomatis and M. genitalium infections. Host factors should also be considered when analysing the interaction of C. trachomatis and M. genitalium and the microbiome. One important factor is the hormonal homeostasis. Oral hormonal contraception influences the vaginal milieu and could influence the infection process of STIs. Overall, this review attempts to give an overview of the pathogenesisof C. trachomatis and M. genitalium infections and the relationship between M. genitalium, C. trachomatis, and the vaginal microbiome.

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Mycoplasma genitalium: a brief review

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Mycoplasma genitalium: A Review

Mycoplasma genitalium: A Review

<em>Mycoplasma genitalium</em> infections: current treatment options and resistance issues

The two-sided role of the vaginal microbiome in Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium pathogenesis

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