Importance Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) causes an immunosuppressed state and increases risk of secondary infections like mucormycosis. We evaluated clinical features, predisposing factors, diagnosis and outcomes for mucormycosis among patients with COVID‐19 infection. Methods This prospective, observational, multi‐centre study included 47 consecutive patients with mucormycosis, diagnosed during their course of COVID‐19 illness, between January 3 and March 27, 2021. Data regarding demography, underlying medical conditions, COVID‐19 illness and treatment were collected. Clinical presentations of mucormycosis, imaging and biochemical characteristics and outcome were recorded. Results Of the 2567 COVID‐19 patients admitted to 3 tertiary centres, 47 (1.8%) were diagnosed with mucormycosis. Mean age was 55 ± 12.8years, and majority suffered from diabetes mellitus (n = 36, 76.6%). Most were not COVID‐19 vaccinated (n = 31, 66.0%) and majority (n = 43, 91.5%) had developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, while 20 (42.6%) required invasive ventilation. All patients had received corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics while most (n = 37, 78.7%) received at least one anti‐viral medication. Mean time elapsed from COVID‐19 diagnosis to mucormycosis was 12.1 ± 4.6days. Eleven (23.4%) subjects succumbed to their disease, mostly (n = 8, 72.7%) within 7 days of diagnosis. Among the patients who died, 10 (90.9%) had pre‐existing diabetes mellitus, only 2 (18.2%) had received just one vaccine dose and all developed moderate‐to‐severe pneumonia, requiring oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. Conclusions Mucormycosis can occur among COVID‐19 patients, especially with poor glycaemic control, widespread and injudicious use of corticosteroids and broad‐spectrum antibiotics, and invasive ventilation. Owing to the high mortality, high index of suspicion is required to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment in high‐risk populations.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of odontogenic cyst in an Indian population and compare it with various reports from the other geographic areas of the world. The files on odontogenic jaw cysts treated between 2001 and 2011 at the oral and maxillofacial surgery unit were retrieved retrospectively. Patient's demographic information mainly age, sex and location of the lesion was recorded and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The diagnosis of odontogenic cyst accounted in 150 cases and accounted for 15.31 % of all lesions biopsied throughout the period. Mean age of the patient was 32.2 years, and 58 % were males. The overall male to female ratio was 1.38:1. Radicular cyst was most prevalent histological type (48.67 %) followed by dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, lateral periodontal cyst, paradental cyst, residual cyst, adult gingival cyst, glandular odontogenic cyst, calcifying odontogenic cyst. The most common locations of the odontogenic cysts were the mandibular (49.33 %) and posterior region (33.33 %). The distribution pattern of odontogenic cyst in this study is relatively similar to that in other parts of the world but there are some geographic differences with regard to the relative frequency, sex, and anatomic distribution of the odontogenic cyst.

Three-dimensional (3-D) printing is a method of manufacturing in which materials like plastic or metal are deposited onto one another in layers to produce a 3-D object. Because of the complex anatomy of craniomaxillofacial structures, full recovery of craniomaxillofacial tissues from trauma, surgeries, or congenital malformations is extremely challenging. 3-D printing of scaffolds, tissue analogs, and organs has been proposed as an exciting alternative to address some of these key challenges in craniomaxillofacial surgery. There are four broad types of 3-D printing surgical applications that can be used in craniomaxillofacial surgery: contour models (positive-space models to allow preapplication of hardware before surgery), guides (negative-space models of actual patient data to guide cutting and drilling), splints (negative-space models of virtual postoperative positions to guide final alignment), and implants (negative-space 3-D printed implantable materials or 3-D printed molds into which nonprintable materials are poured). 3-D printing technology is being successfully used for surgeries for head and neck malignancies, mandibular reconstruction, orthognathic surgeries, for mandibulectomies after osteoradionecrosis, orbital floor fracture surgeries, nasal reconstruction, and cranioplasties. The excitement behind 3-D printing continues to increase and hopefully will drive improvements in the technology and its surgical applications, especially in craniomaxillofacial region. This present review sets out to explore use of 3-D printing technologies in craniomaxillofacial surgery.

Background Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) represent a major public health problem because of their increasing prevalence and psychosocial impact. Avulsion, one of the most complicated TDIs comprising of 1–16% of all injuries. The present study aimed to assess the current knowledge regarding management of avulsed teeth among dental interns in the city of Hyderabad. Subjects Dental interns of the Panineeya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Hyderabad. Method A validated, self-administered 23-item questionnaire was used to obtain demographic details and data on dental avulsion management. Descriptive analyses were carried out on frequency, and a comparison of knowledge score was carried out using a chi-squared test and an independent t-test. Results More than half of the study subjects gave correct responses for most of the items on knowledge regarding avulsion. Around 45.4% of the study populations were categorized with low levels of correct knowledge, with more females (46.6%) having significantly lower levels compared to males (p = 0.03). However, the mean knowledge scores between males (15.5 ± 4.74) and females (16.5 ± 1.68) were comparable (p = 0.15). Conclusion Based on the findings of the study, a majority of dental student interns were aware of the basic procedures to be followed in cases of avulsion.

Objectives Fractures of facial bones in children are relatively uncommon although both children and adults are subjected to similar types of injuries. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of facial bone fractures among children under 14 years, their management and outcome. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included maxillofacial injuries treated in 112 children under 14 years admitted due to maxillofacial injuries during the period from 2001 to 2011. Results Of them ten (8.93 %) were below 5 years, 44 (39.29 %) between 6 and 10 years and 58 (51.78 %) between 11 and 14 years of age. Male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Fall from a height was the most common etiology. The most common jaw involved in the fracture was the mandible. Conservative management was done in 83.04 % of cases and open reduction and internal fixation was performed in 16.96 % of cases. Five (4.46 %) cases accounted for post-operative wound infection. Conclusion Fracture of the mandible is the most common maxillofacial injury in children, most often caused by fall from a height. The osteogenic potential of the mandible in children leads to conservative management of these fractures. Opportunities for prevention of maxillofacial trauma should be taken into consideration by parents and care takers.

Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the important causes of non-gonococcal urethritis. Rising incidence and emerging antimicrobial resistance are a major concern these days. The poor clinical outcomes with doxycycline therapy led to the use of azithromycin as the primary drug of choice. Single-dose azithromycin regimen over a period of time was changed to extended regimen following studies showing better clinical cures and less risk of resistance development. However, emerging macrolide resistance, either due to transmission of resistance or drug pressure has further worsened the management of this infection. The issues of drug resistance and treatment failures also exist in cases of M. genitalium infection. At present, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) M. genitalium strains is an alarming sign for its treatment and the associated public health impact due to its complications. However, newer drugs like pristinamycin, solithromycin, sitafloxacin, and others have shown a hope for the clinical cure, but need further clinical trials to optimize the therapeutic dosing schedules and formulate appropriate treatment regimens. Rampant and inappropriate use of these newer drugs will further sabotage future attempts to manage MDR strains. There is currently a need to formulate diagnostic algorithms and etiology-based treatment regimens rather than the syndromic approach, preferably using combination therapy instead of a monotherapy. Awareness about the current guidelines and recommended treatment regimens among clinicians and local practitioners is of utmost importance. Antimicrobial resistance testing and global surveillance are required to assess the efficacy of current treatment regimens and for guiding future research for the early detection and management of MDR M. genitalium infections.

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Objective To compare the efficacy of Ibuprofen and Aceclofenac in controlling pain, swelling and trismus following removal of impacted mandibular third molar teeth. To assess the patient's acceptability of these drugs. Methods The present double blind study was conducted on 60 adult patients for the surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Drugs administered were Ibuprofen and Aceclofenac. Both the drugs were packed separately and coded with equal in number. After removal of impacted mandibular third molars, following parameters were studied: (1) Analgesic activity, (2) Maximum mouth opening, (3) Swelling. Results The scores were recorded preoperatively and on 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th postoperative day. Conclusion Ibuprofen has a marginal edge over Aceclofenac. Both the drugs were well accepted by the patients with no reported adverse effects.