<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
            Spoligotypes in Monterrey, Mexico

Molina-Torres, Carmen A.; Moreno-Torres, Elisa; Ocampo‐Candiani, Jorge; Rendón, Adrián; Blackwood, Kym; Kremer, Kristin; Rastogi, Nalin; Welsh, Oliverio; Vera-Cabrera, Lucio

doi:10.1128/jcm.01894-09

Cited by 35 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a molecular analysis of M. tuberculosis DNA from a family of 18th century Hungarians two spoligotypes were identified, corresponding to SIT50 and SIT53 [25]. As in our study SIT53 is found in elderly patients in other parts of the world: in a study from Venezuela, patients with SIT53 had a significantly higher mean age compared to all other patients [26], and in Mexico SIT53 was significantly more prevalent in elderly patients, especially in females [27]. Polymorphism in the direct repeat region in clinical isolates appears to be the result of successive deletions of single discrete direct variant repeats (DVRs) or of multiple contiguous DVRs from a primordial direct repeat region [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Potentially Involved in the TB Epidemic in Sweden a Century Ago

et al. 2012

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A hundred years ago the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in Sweden was one of the highest in the world. In this study we conducted a population-based search for distinct strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolated from patients born in Sweden before 1945. Many of these isolates represent the M. tuberculosis complex population that fueled the TB epidemic in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century.MethodsGenetic relationships between strains that caused the epidemic and present day strains were studied by spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsThe majority of the isolates from the elderly population were evolutionary recent Principal Genetic Group (PGG)2/3 strains (363/409 or 88.8%), and only a low proportion were ancient PGG1 strains (24/409 or 5.9%). Twenty-two were undefined. The isolates demonstrated a population where the Euro-American superlineage dominated; in particular with Haarlem (41.1%) and T (37.7%) spoligotypes and only 21.2% belonged to other spoligotype families. Isolates from the elderly population clustered much less frequently than did isolates from a young control group population.ConclusionsA closely knit pool of PGG2/3 strains restricted to Sweden and its immediate neighbours appears to have played a role in the epidemic, while PGG1 strains are usually linked to migrants in todaýs Sweden. Further studies of these outbreak strains may give indications of why the epidemic waned.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Potentially Involved in the TB Epidemic in Sweden a Century Ago

et al. 2012

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“…n a previous work, we described the spoligotype distribution in Nuevo León, Mexico, and reported that spoligo international type 53 (SIT53) and SIT119 were the most common spoligotypes to be isolated (representing ϳ39% of the total sample) (1). We also reported the tendencies of SIT53 to be isolated more frequently in elderly patients and of SIT119 to be isolated more frequently in younger patients (Ͻ20 years old).…”

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confidence: 79%

Comparative Mycobacterium tuberculosis Spoligotype Distribution in Mexico

et al. 2014

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In the present work, we studied the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from patients according to their gender, age, and geographic location in Mexico. We did not observe any statistically significant differences in regard to age or gender. We found that spoligo international type 53 (SIT53) is more frequent in the northern states and that SIT119 predominates in central Mexico. In a previous work, we described the spoligotype distribution in Nuevo León, Mexico, and reported that spoligo international type 53 (SIT53) and SIT119 were the most common spoligotypes to be isolated (representing ϳ39% of the total sample) (1). We also reported the tendencies of SIT53 to be isolated more frequently in elderly patients and of SIT119 to be isolated more frequently in younger patients (Ͻ20 years old). However, our sample size was too small to definitively support this conclusion. In the present work, we used a larger population sample to determine whether this difference is genuine and compared the distribution of spoligotypes in Nuevo León against those of the oldest and most densely populated region of Mexico, Mexico City, which has a population of ϳ30 million people.M. tuberculosis isolates (n ϭ 414) were obtained from the laboratories of either the Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública or the tuberculosis clinic at the Hospital Universitario, Dr. José E. Gonzalez UANL, Monterrey, Mexico, from 2001 to 2012. Because we observed a relationship between the distribution of spoligotypes and patient gender and age in a previous study, we included 233 new samples from Nuevo León; 116 cases were from patients 0 to 20 years old, and 117 cases were from patients Ͼ50 years old. From the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias (INER) in Mexico City, we obtained 181 isolates from patients from several of Mexico's states, including Distrito Federal (n ϭ 126), Chiapas (n ϭ 10), Oaxaca (n ϭ 11), Veracruz (n ϭ 24), San Luis Potosí (n ϭ 1), Jalisco (n ϭ 1), and Michoacán (n ϭ 8).Isolates were obtained from any tuberculosis patient in the population and were grown on Lowenstein-Jensen medium. DNA isolation was performed using the method of van Embden et al. (2). Spoligotyping was accomplished using a standard technique as described previously (3).The spoligotypes were entered into the SITVIT2 database (Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe) in a binary format. This database is an updated version of the previously released SpolDB4 database (see http://www.pasteur-guadeloupe.fr:8081/SITVIT_ONLINE).To establish differences in the spoligotype distribution among patients of different ages and genders, 233 samples corresponding to individuals who were either Ͻ30 or Ͼ60 years of age were analyzed. We observed a difference of 33% for SIT119 over SIT53 in the male patients, although this difference was not statistically significant. In the groups divided by age, we observed a 33% increase in the number of SIT119 spoligotypes in the younger patients; however, no significant differences were observed (Table 1). Final...

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“…The Euro-American lineage of M. tuberculosis predominates in Mexico [11], where some areas also have high frequencies of the Indo-Oceanic lineage [12]. In Mexico M. bovis also appears to be a relevant cause of pulmonary TB (PTB) in humans [13,14], and the Beijing family of the M. tuberculosis East-Asian lineage has been mentioned in a recent paper [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in San Luis Potosí, México

et al. 2013

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BackgroundAlthough epidemiologic and socioeconomic criteria and biomedical risk factors indicate high-priority for tuberculosis (TB) control in Mexico, molecular epidemiology studies of the disease in the country are scarce.MethodsComplete sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from 248 of the 432 pulmonary TB (PTB) cases confirmed from 2006 to 2010 on the population under epidemiological surveillance in the state of San Luis Potosí, México. From most PTB cases with complete data Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) isolates were recovered and their spoligotypes, lineages and families, geographic distribution and drug resistance determined.ResultsPulmonary tuberculosis incidence ranged from 2.4 to 33.4 (cases per 100,000 inhabitants) in the six state sanitary jurisdictions that were grouped in regions of low (jurisdictions I-II-III), intermediate (jurisdictions IV-V) and high incidence (jurisdiction VI) with 6.2, 17.3 and 33.4 rates, respectively. Most patients were poor, 50-years-median-age males and housewives. Among the 237 MTC spoligotyped isolates, 232 corresponded to M. tuberculosis (104 spoligotypes in 24 clusters) and five to M. bovis. The predominant Euro-American lineage was distributed all over the state, the East-Asian lineage (Beijing family) in the capital city, the Indo-Oceanic (Manila family) in eastern localities, and M. bovis in rural localities.ConclusionsIn San Luis Potosí TB affects mainly poor male adults and is caused by M. tuberculosis and to a minor extent by M. bovis. There is great genotypic diversity among M. tuberculosis strains, the Euro-American lineage being much more prevalent than the Indo-Oceanic and East-Asian lineages. The frequency of resistant strains is relatively low and not associated to any particular lineage.

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis Spoligotypes in Monterrey, Mexico

Cited by 35 publications

References 23 publications

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Potentially Involved in the TB Epidemic in Sweden a Century Ago

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Potentially Involved in the TB Epidemic in Sweden a Century Ago

Comparative Mycobacterium tuberculosis Spoligotype Distribution in Mexico

Genetic diversity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in San Luis Potosí, México

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