Musa paradisiacaL. leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts improved the lipid profile, glycemic index and oxidative stress in nicotinamide/streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

Abstract

This study aimed to assess antihyperlipidemic, cardiac and antioxidant effects as well as mode of actions of Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts in nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Experimental diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg body weight), 15 min after intraperitoneal injection of NA (120 mg/kg body weight). NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats were orally supplemented with M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts in a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight/day for 28 days. The treatment of NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats with M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel extracts significantly decreased the elevated fasting and post‐prandial serum glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐cholesterol and vLDL‐cholesterol levels and significantly increased the lowered serum insulin level, liver glycogen content, serum HDL‐cholesterol level, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IS) and HOMA‐β cell function. The elevated cardiovascular risk indices in diabetic rats were significantly improved due to treatment with M. paradisiaca extracts. Concomitant with the increase in liver glycogen content, the glucose‐6‐phosphatase activity significantly decreased reflecting the decrease in hepatic glucose output. The heart function was potentially ameliorated as manifested by decrease in the elevated serum creatine kinase‐MB, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase activities after treatments of diabetic rats with M. paradisiaca extracts. The elevated liver lipid peroxidation and the decline in liver glutathione content and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione‐S‐transferase activities were significantly reversed by treatments. Thus, it can be concluded that M. paradisiaca leaf and fruit peel hydroethanolic extracts may have antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective potentials in NA/STZ‐induced diabetic rats. These effects may be mediated via improvements in the glycemic state, β‐cell function, tissue insulin sensitivity, and antioxidant defense mechanism.

The Antidiabetic Effects and Modes of Action of the Balanites aegyptiaca Fruit and Seed Aqueous Extracts in NA/STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

“…Additionally, the GSH level and anti-oxidant enzyme defenses decreased simultaneously in the liver of diabetic rats. These findings are consistent with those of several studies [35,89,89,107,108]. GSH plays a multifaceted role in the defense against anti-oxidants.…”

Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potential of Kepok Banana Peel in Diabetic Rats

“…While an increase in glucokinase activity is thought to play a role in reducing blood glucose levels through glucose flow to the glycolysis process. Increased glucokinase activity is thought to produce an increase in the amount of glycogen in the liver and muscles [23,24]. Flavonoids contained in kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) also have a role in reducing blood glucose levels.…”

“…The flavonoids, sapponine pectin which are also found in kepok banana skin. The study also take flavonoids, pectin as an analytical materials that have the effect of decreasing triglyceride levels [13,23,27].…”

“…Pectin can bind cholesterol found in the digestive system, thus prevent the absorption of cholesterol into the bloodstream. High viscosity pectin can reduce cholesterol levels by increasing excretion of faecal bile acids and cholesterol [11,23,28]. The antioxidant content in the form of flavonoids contained in banana peels can also be useful in inhibiting LDL oxidation but is uncertain, but it is thought by reducing the formation or releasing free radicals in macrophages or protecting α-tocoferol in LDL from oxidation by radical substances.…”

Penelusuran Pustaka Kandungan Senyawa dari Ekstrak Kulit Pisang Raja (Musa paradisiaca var raja) dan Kulit Pisang Cavendish (Musa cavendishii) dalam Beberapa Aktivitas Farmakologi

“…Metformin merupakan salah satu obat hipoglikemia oral yang sering digunakan dalam pengobatan diabetes melitus. Mekanisme kerja dari metformin adalah menurunkan produksi glukosa hati dan meningkatkan sensitifitas terhadap insulin [19].…”