<i>Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Science and Engineering</i>

White, F. A.; Wood, G. M.; Gove, H. E.

doi:10.1063/1.2811282

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…By detecting ions, the mass spectrometer can be used to correlate the spectrum and structure of a compound and to indentify chemical bonds. 1,2) Since conventional mass spectrometers are operated at high voltage in high vacuum, they are bulky and require high power. Micro-mass spectrometry systems, either as individual units or as part of massive networks, can be used in a wide range of in situ applications including space exploration, geological survey, and environmental monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission Ion Source Using a Carbon Nanotube Array for Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Han

Lee

Jun

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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In this paper, we present the fabrication and test of a carbon-nanotube (CNT)-based field emission ion source for a micro time-of-flight mass spectrometer (-TOF MS). The -TOF MS is composed of two parts, i.e., a field emission ion source and a mass analyzer. Molecules are ionized by the impact of electrons emitted from CNTs. We calculated the ion beam path using a commercial electrodynamics simulation tool (Simion ver. 7). The results of the ion beam path simulation show that the ions generated in the effective ionization region can pass only between the first acceleration electrode pair. We fabricated a CNT-based field emission ion source for the -TOF MS. The electron current of the field emitter and the ion current of the ion source were measured. Through the characteristic test of a field emission ion source, we confirmed that the fabricated ion source is feasible for the -TOF MS. #

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Emission Ion Source Using a Carbon Nanotube Array for Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Han

Lee

Jun

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…The difficulties of a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) interface arise from the fact that the mass analyzer must generally operate at 10 −6 –10 −4 mbar to avoid ion–molecule collisions, while a typical gas chromatograph operates at 1 atm at the column exit to maintain chromatographic performance 1, 2. An ideal interface must be able to reduce the pressure from 1 atm near the column outlet to ∼10 −5 mbar in the ion source housing, provide an inert pathway and preferentially remove carrier gas 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An ideal interface must be able to reduce the pressure from 1 atm near the column outlet to ∼10 −5 mbar in the ion source housing, provide an inert pathway and preferentially remove carrier gas 3. The yield ( Y ) or efficiency of an interface is its ability to pass a sample into the mass spectrometer:1, 4 where Q m is the amount of sample entering the mass spectrometer and Q c is the amount of sample leaving the gas chromatograph. The enrichment factor ( N ) is the ratio of sample concentration in the carrier gas entering the mass spectrometer to that in the eluate and is defined as where V m is the carrier flow‐rate entering the mass spectrometer and V c is the carrier flow‐rate leaving the gas chromatograph.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A turbomolecular pump or a lower capacity diffusion pump will tolerate less carrier flow and, in all cases with packed columns, an interface is needed. Interfaces that have been commonly used include the jet separator, the effusion separator, the membrane separator and the open splitter 1, 5, 6. The operating principle of a jet separator7–9 is based on the different rates of diffusion/effusion of gases expanding into a reduced pressure region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct coupling of a capillary column to a mass spectrometer1, 2 can be performed when sample size and column flow‐rate are low enough. If the amount of GC effluent exceeds the amount allowed by the vacuum system, the excess may be vented with a bypass valve.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of a jet separator and an open splitter as an interface between a multi-capillary gas chromatographic column and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

et al. 2000

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A gas chromatographic/time-of-flight mass spectrometric (GC/TOFMS) interface is being developed for fast on-line analysis utilizing multi-capillary column technology. A variable gap-distance jet separator has been constructed and its performance compared with that of a commercially supplied post-column open splitter recommended for use between the multi-capillary column and a mass spectrometer. Both interfaces were found to be compatible with the GC/TOFMS system at high carrier gas flow-rates, facilitating high-speed and high-resolution separations. The systems were investigated and tested with a mixture of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with molecular masses from 85 to 166: dichloromethane, toluene, m-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene. The optimum tip-to-tip gap distance corresponding to the highest efficiency of the jet separator was found to be 0.030 mm for each compound at carrier gas flow-rates of 20, 40 and 60 ml min(-1) giving, in the ion source housing, ion gauge pressure readings of 1.6 x 10(-6), 5.0 x 10(-6) and 5.8 x 10(-6) mbar, respectively. The efficiency of the jet separator (10-30% yields) was significantly higher than that of the open splitter (6-9% yields). The observation that the open splitter did not provide a constant flow-rate to the ion source was not in agreement with the manufacturer's specifications. A method for measuring the gas flow-rates in all parts of the equipment is described. The correlation between yield in the jet separator and molecular mass for the heterogeneous set of compounds studied was found to be less linear than usually reported for homologous series of compounds in jet separator studies. The result suggests that the pressure conditions in the jet may be sufficient for the separation process to be partly controlled by diffusion rather than predominately by effusion. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Miniature mass analyzers

2000

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Increased efforts are being made to develop miniature mass spectrometers, including those which are hand-portable, and to retain the performance characteristics of traditional laboratory instruments as much as possible in the miniature instruments. This review of miniature mass analyzers emphasizes analytical performance and compares the relative merits of each type of miniature mass analyzer. Miniature instruments discussed include sector, Wien filter, time-of-flight, linear quadrupole, quadrupole ion trap and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers, as well as combinations of and variations on these major types. Special considerations that apply to small mass analyzers are noted and suggestions are made regarding the possible future development of this field. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Science and Engineering

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Field Emission Ion Source Using a Carbon Nanotube Array for Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Field Emission Ion Source Using a Carbon Nanotube Array for Micro Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer

Comparison of a jet separator and an open splitter as an interface between a multi-capillary gas chromatographic column and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer

Miniature mass analyzers

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