M-subshell ionization of Th and U by alpha particle bombardment

Abstract

The M X-rays of Th and U have been produced by alpha particle bombardment in the energy range of 2.5-4.5MeV.

Thorium and uranium M-shell x-ray production by 0.4–4.0 MeV protons and 0.4–6.0 MeV helium ions

“…1) and others [5, 12-18, 20, 21] to the first Born approximation [35][36][37][38][39][40] and ECUSAR theories [26,27] by protons on thorium and uranium. 2) shown along with values from previous studies [5,17,19,21], the first Born approximation [35][36][37][38][39][40] and the ECUSAR theory [26,27].…”

“…The M-shell x-ray production cross sections by He ions are shown in figure 7 for thorium and uranium. Our cross sections and those of others [5,17,19,21] are displayed against the predictions of the first Born approximation [35][36][37][38][39][40] and the ECUSAR theory [26,27].…”

“…Since the cross sections for the individual M-shell line cross sections are rarely found [15,20], in the following our data for the total M shell are compared with others [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], and displayed against the prediction of the first Born approximation [35][36][37][38][39][40] and the ECUSAR theory [26,27]. The M-shell x-ray production cross sections by protons are shown in figure 5 for thorium and uranium.…”

“…The oldest set of measurements of Jopson et al [12] for uranium bombarded by 0.2-0.5 MeV protons bucks this trend in the data versus the ECUSAR as an exception. 2) and others [5,17,19,21] to the first Born approximation [35][36][37][38][39][40] and the ECUSAR theory [26,27].…”

“…References compiled by Lapicki [6] and Paul et al [7,8] report about 180 K-shell cross sections, while tables of Hardt and Watson [9], Sokhi and Crumpton [10] and Orlic et al [11] list some 130 L-shell cross sections for these targets. M-shell articles [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] report approximately 210 x-ray production cross sections for thorium and uranium.…”