“I'm gonna Spanglish it on you”: Self-reported vs. oral production of Spanish–English codeswitching

Abstract

Much bilingualism research includes some consideration of codeswitching, which may be measured via self-report, an experimental task, or sociolinguistic interview; however, there is little triangulation across measures in either psycholinguistic or sociolinguistic approaches. To consider possible differences between self-report and oral production of codeswitching, Spanish–English bilinguals completed a codeswitching questionnaire and oral production in an autobiographical memory task. They also completed proficiency and executive function tests. We found that broad measures of self-reported and orally produced codeswitches were positively correlated, although relationships with proficiency and executive function were more complex. These findings may direct future studies’ operationalization of codeswitching.

Code-Switching patterns differentially shape cognitive control: Testing the predictions of the adaptive control hypothesis

“…These methods, however, may not necessarily capture the extent to which code-switching differs depending on a bilingual's interactional contexts and time spent across contexts (Backus, 2015;Hofweber et al, 2016;Hofweber, Marinis & Treffers-Daller, 2019). Moreover, a recent study by Cox et al (2020) compared self-reported code-switching practices with actual code-switching practices produced in autobiographical narratives and found that the two were positively correlated, and that this was accentuated when reporting on various types of code-switching. Additionally, a number of studies that examine code-switching and executive functions have administered self-reported measures of code-switching in which participants are tasked to indicate the frequency with which they engage in code-switching (Hartanto & Yang, 2016, 2019bHofweber et al, 2020b;Kałamała et al, 2020;Soveri et al, 2011;Verreyt et al, 2016).…”

“…Frequency of alternation was assessed by asking participants how often they switched languages between sentences or within a conversation ("I tend to switch languages between sentences. That is, I speak one sentence in my first language (e.g., English) and another sentence in my second language (e.g., Chinese Further, a recent study by Cox, LaBoda, and Mendes (2020) compared self-reported code-switching practices with actual code-switching practices produced in autobiographical narratives and found that the two were positively correlated, and that this was accentuated when reporting on various types of code-switching.…”

Ending Curriculum Violence and Academic Ancestral Worship: An Afrocentric Perspective on Decolonising Higher Education in Africa

“…56 The paradox here is that in Western countries, home languages are so much prioritised that even minorities benefit from practices like code-switching while in Africa, Western languages are held in high esteem regardless of the cost to students. 57 The researchers consider that dismantling academic ancestral worship and decolonisation requires discomfort to confront and address imperialism's continuing effects in the present higher education system.…”

Linguistic factors modulating gender assignment in Spanish–English bilingual speech

“…Participants were also asked whether they codeswitch and what percentage of the time they codeswitch on a weekly basis with parents, siblings, friends, classmates, and social media. Importantly, self-reported measures of codeswitching are a reliable tool to determine a Spanish-English bilingual's production of English in otherwise Spanish discourse (Cox, LaBoda & Mendes, 2020;Valdés Kroff & Fernández-Duque, 2017). The full set of participants' bilingual experience and language proficiency is reported in Table 1.…”