“…As with other members of the oral commensal microbiota, Leptotrichia species are also associated with periodontal diseases and oral cavity abscesses [5,7,8], typically as opportunistic infections. However, isolation of Leptotrichia species from infective endocarditis patients with normally functioning immune systems has been also reported [5,9–12]. Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13].…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13]. Although systemic infections involving Leptotrichia species are infrequent, severe infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients [2,4,7,9,10,13–19]. Figure 1.A phylogenetic tree obtained from the MEGA (www.megasoftware.net) program based on only sequences >800 bp by neighbor joining after ClustalW alignment.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…ssp. nucleatum , V. parvula , N. mucosa , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[8]60M 53 L. trevisanii PBSCT, myeloblative chemotherapy, NHL, NF, relapsed follicular, mucositis, multiple myeloma, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[9]M 56 L. trevisanii PBSCT, multiple myeloma, NHL, mucositis, NF, myeloablative chemotherapy, relapsed follicular, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimicrobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencingF 63 L. trevisanii PBSCT, AML, MPS, NF, NR, myeloablative chemotherapy, mucositis, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimicrobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA sequencing63F 12 L. trevisanii AML, mandible tumor, stomatitis, PBSCT, NF, chemotherapy, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimobilis culture, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[10]M 66 L. trevisanii Esophageal carcinoma, chemotherapy, NF, dysphagia, esophageal lesion, RBlood (bacteremia) Tissierella praeacuta , culture, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing65M 78 L. goodfellowii Immunocompetent, dyspnea, nausea, HF, DI, BC, hypertension, periumbilical pain, bilateral opacities, lung lesion, bronchopneumonia, fever, pulmonary edema, RBlood (bacteremia)Cultures, VMS, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[11]66M 44 L. goodfellowii Immunocompetent, bioprosthetic pulmonic valve, headaches, aortic valve homograft, fever, infective endocarditis, chronic night sweats (diaphoretic), fatigue, inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP), elevated RBlood (bacteremia)Culture, GC, RapID ANAII test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[12]67M 55 L. trevisanii Myelodysplastic syndrom...…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since previous reviews [2,3], Leptotrichia species have been reported in >124 cases [4,7,16,18–69,87–93], whereby 30 cases involved L. buccalis [4,8,15,21,34,52,56,70–79,87], 24 cases L. wadei [4,20,24,34,37,42,48,56,67,80,81,90,93], 16 cases L. trevisanii [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87], 14 cases L. hofstadii [34,40,49,56,81–84,93], 10 cases L. goodfellowii [4,11,12,21,56,74,85,87], eight cases L. hongkongensis [4,6,18,45,47,56], and five L. shahii [34,56,86]. L. trevisanii and L. wadei bacteremia are extremely rare; clinicians should consider these species in cases involving immunocompromised patients with oral lesions [4,5,13,17,87].…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also been associated with mild liver dysfunction, normal renal function [5], multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant aplasia, neutropenic fever, myelodysplastic syndrome, mandibular tumor, esophageal carcinoma, and the wound and amniotic fluid of a patient with respiratory difficulties [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87]. …”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.
“…As with other members of the oral commensal microbiota, Leptotrichia species are also associated with periodontal diseases and oral cavity abscesses [5,7,8], typically as opportunistic infections. However, isolation of Leptotrichia species from infective endocarditis patients with normally functioning immune systems has been also reported [5,9–12]. Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13].…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leptotrichia species can cause opportunistic infections that lead to bacteremia in neutropenic patients with oral mucosal injuries [2,5] and bacteremia due to L. trevisanii after an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant [13]. Although systemic infections involving Leptotrichia species are infrequent, severe infections have been reported in immunocompromised patients [2,4,7,9,10,13–19]. Figure 1.A phylogenetic tree obtained from the MEGA (www.megasoftware.net) program based on only sequences >800 bp by neighbor joining after ClustalW alignment.…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…ssp. nucleatum , V. parvula , N. mucosa , checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization[8]60M 53 L. trevisanii PBSCT, myeloblative chemotherapy, NHL, NF, relapsed follicular, mucositis, multiple myeloma, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[9]M 56 L. trevisanii PBSCT, multiple myeloma, NHL, mucositis, NF, myeloablative chemotherapy, relapsed follicular, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimicrobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencingF 63 L. trevisanii PBSCT, AML, MPS, NF, NR, myeloablative chemotherapy, mucositis, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimicrobilis , cultures, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA sequencing63F 12 L. trevisanii AML, mandible tumor, stomatitis, PBSCT, NF, chemotherapy, RBlood (bacteremia) Sphingomonas paucimobilis culture, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[10]M 66 L. trevisanii Esophageal carcinoma, chemotherapy, NF, dysphagia, esophageal lesion, RBlood (bacteremia) Tissierella praeacuta , culture, RapID ANA II, Vitek, 16S rRNA gene sequencing65M 78 L. goodfellowii Immunocompetent, dyspnea, nausea, HF, DI, BC, hypertension, periumbilical pain, bilateral opacities, lung lesion, bronchopneumonia, fever, pulmonary edema, RBlood (bacteremia)Cultures, VMS, MALDI-TOF MS, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[11]66M 44 L. goodfellowii Immunocompetent, bioprosthetic pulmonic valve, headaches, aortic valve homograft, fever, infective endocarditis, chronic night sweats (diaphoretic), fatigue, inflammatory markers (ESR and CRP), elevated RBlood (bacteremia)Culture, GC, RapID ANAII test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing[12]67M 55 L. trevisanii Myelodysplastic syndrom...…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since previous reviews [2,3], Leptotrichia species have been reported in >124 cases [4,7,16,18–69,87–93], whereby 30 cases involved L. buccalis [4,8,15,21,34,52,56,70–79,87], 24 cases L. wadei [4,20,24,34,37,42,48,56,67,80,81,90,93], 16 cases L. trevisanii [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87], 14 cases L. hofstadii [34,40,49,56,81–84,93], 10 cases L. goodfellowii [4,11,12,21,56,74,85,87], eight cases L. hongkongensis [4,6,18,45,47,56], and five L. shahii [34,56,86]. L. trevisanii and L. wadei bacteremia are extremely rare; clinicians should consider these species in cases involving immunocompromised patients with oral lesions [4,5,13,17,87].…”
Section: Figurementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It has also been associated with mild liver dysfunction, normal renal function [5], multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, post-transplant aplasia, neutropenic fever, myelodysplastic syndrome, mandibular tumor, esophageal carcinoma, and the wound and amniotic fluid of a patient with respiratory difficulties [4,5,9,10,13,14,17,37,87]. …”
Section: Brief Additional Clinical Information On Leptotrichia Speciesmentioning
Leptotrichia species are non-motile facultative anaerobic/anaerobic bacteria that are found mostly in the oral cavity and some other parts of the human body, in animals, and even in ocean sediments. Valid species include L. buccalis, L. goodfellowii, L. hofstadii, L. honkongensis, L. shahii, L. trevisanii, and L. wadei. Some species require serum or blood for growth. All species ferment carbohydrates and produce lactic acid that may be involved with tooth decay. Acting as opportunistic pathogens, they are involved in a variety of diseases, and have been isolated from immunocompromised but also immunocompetent individuals. Mucositis, oral lesions, wounds, and abscesses may predispose to Leptotrichia septicemia. Because identification of Leptotrichia species by phenotypic features occasionally lead to misidentification, genetic techniques such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing is recommended. Early diagnosis and treatment of leptotrichia infections is important for positive outcomes. Over the last years, Leptotrichia species have been associated with several changes in taxonomy and new associations with clinical diseases. Such changes are reported in this updated review.
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