Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy

Sauda, Federica; Malandrucco, Livia; Macrì, Gladia; Scarpulla, Manuela; Liberato, Claudio De; Terracciano, Giuliana; Fichi, Gianluca; Berrilli, Federica; Perrucci, Stefania

doi:10.1051/parasite/2018001

Cited by 43 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of G. duodenalis in primary CE found in the present study (34%) is much higher than data reported in recent studies in symptomatic dogs in Europe (Epe et al, 2010;Volkmann et al, 2017). Furthermore, it is higher than prevalence of G. duodenalis found in different dog populations in Italy (Pipia et al, 2014;Zanzani et al, 2014;Paoletti et al, 2015;De Liberato et al, 2018), including privately owned (about 4%) and kennel (about 5%) dogs of the same area (Riggio et al, 2013;Sauda et al, 2018). In our opinion, this high prevalence which we found it is unlikely to be associated to a primary G. duodenalis infection.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…In this study, only the canine assemblages C and D were identified at genotyping of some dog fecal samples found positive for G. duodenalis at molecular analysis. These data seem to confirm the higher frequency of these canine-specific assemblages in privately owned dogs in Italy (Pipia et al, 2014;Paoletti et al, 2015;Simonato et al, 2017;Sauda et al, 2018). Nevertheless, it is not possible to exclude the presence of the zoonotic assemblages A and B in the remaining positive dog samples for which molecular analysis and genotyping were not possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Perrucci¹,

Berrilli²,

Procopio³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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Background: Canine primary chronic enteropathy (CE) includes a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic gastrointestinal signs.Aim: This study evaluated the occurrence of Giardia duodenalis infection in primary CE-affected dogs.Methods: Forty-seven CE-affected dogs of different age and sex were enrolled in the study. For each dog, frequency of defecation, fecal consistency, and eventual fecal abnormalities were evaluated. A clinical scoring index of CE severity (clinical chronic enteropathy activity index) was also assessed, and the type of enteropathy was retrospectively classified. For parasitological analysis, fresh fecal samples collected from each dog were examined by fresh and Lugol stained smears, flotation test, and a rapid immunoassay. Giardia duodenalis genotypes were identified by molecularanalysis. Differences of clinical parameters between G. duodenalis positive and G. duodenalis negative dogs were statistically evaluated.Results: Among the CE canine patients, 16 out of 47 (34%) dogs were found positive for G. duodenalis and assemblages C and D were identified. No statistical differences emerged according to the types of CE between G. duodenalispositive and G. duodenalis-negative dog groups. The clinical index of CE severity was indicative of significant less severe clinical forms in G. duodenalis-positive dogs (p = 0.037).Conclusion: Results here obtained shows how G. duodenalis may be present in primary CE-affected dogs and further investigations are needed to clarify the real significance of mild clinical presentation in G. duodenalis-positive dogs affected by CE. Keywords: Canine, Clinical forms, Genotypes, Giardiasis, Primary chronic enteropathy.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Giardia duodenalis infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Perrucci¹,

Berrilli²,

Procopio³

et al. 2020

Open Vet J.

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“…The southward changing pattern of HW has been detailed in previous studies [26][27][28][29]. Hyperendemic D. immitis infection has been recorded in sheltered dogs from Apulia region (southern Italy) with the highest prevalence of infection (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009–2019: changing distribution patterns

et al. 2020

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Background: For long time, canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was considered endemic in the southern, central, and insular regions of Italy, whereas heartworm disease (HW) caused by Dirofilaria immitis was considered endemic in the northern region and in the swampy Po Valley. Following the reports of new foci of both diseases, in this study we update the distribution patterns and occurrence of new foci of CanL and HW discussing the main drivers for the changes in the epidemiology of these two important zoonotic canine vector-borne diseases.Methods: Based on the statistical analyses of serological assays (n = 90,633) on L. infantum exposure and D. immitis infection performed by two reference diagnostic centres in Italy over a ten-year period (2009-2019) irrespective of the anamnesis of dogs. The distribution patterns of both parasites are herein presented along with the occurrence of new foci.Results: Results highlighted the changing distribution patterns of L. infantum vs D. immitis infection in Italy. CanL is endemic in some areas of northern regions and HW has endemic foci in central and southern regions and islands. Significant differences in L. infantum exposure and HW infection prevalence among the study macroareas were detected. The overall results of the positive tested samples were 28.2% in southern Italy and islands, 29.6% in central Italy and 21.6% in northern Italy for L. infantum and 2.83% in northern Italy, 7.75% in central Italy and 4.97% in southern Italy and islands for HW. HW positivity significantly varied over years (χ 2 = 108.401, df = 10, P < 0.0001), gradually increasing from 0.77% in 2009 to 8.47% in 2016-2017.Conclusions: New potential epidemiological scenarios are discussed according to a range of factors (e.g. environmental modifications, occurrence of competent insect vectors, transportation of infected animals to non-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis or vector preventative measures), which may affect the current distribution. Overall, the results advocate for epidemiological surveillance programmes, more focussed preventative and control measures even in areas where few or no cases of both diseases have been diagnosed.

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“…The southward changing pattern of HW has been detailed in previous studies [26][27][28][29]. A recent questionnaire study pointed out Brindisi and Lecce, from Apulia region, to be areas with more than 20 cases of HW caused by D. immitis [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009-2019: changing distribution patterns

Mendoza‐Roldan

Benelli

Panarese

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: For long time, canine leishmaniosis (CanL) was considered endemic in the southern, central, and insular regions of Italy, whereas heartworm disease (HW) by Dirofilaria immitis in the northern region and in the swampy Po valley. Following the reports of new foci of both diseases, in this study we update the distribution patterns and occurrence of new foci of CanL and HW discussing the main drivers for the changes in the epidemiology of these two important zoonotic canine vector-borne diseases. Methods: Based on the statistical analyses of serological assays (n=90,633) on L. infantum exposure and D. immitisinfection performed by reference diagnostic centres in Italy over a ten-year period (2009–2019), the distribution patterns of both pathogens were herein presented along with the occurrence of new foci. Results: Results highlighted the changing distribution patterns of L. infantum vs D. immitis infection in Italy. CanL is now endemic also in the northern regions and HW has endemic foci in central and southern regions and islands.Significant differences in L. infantum exposure and HW infection prevalence among the study macroareas were detected. The overall prevalence of L. infantum exposure was 28.2% in southern Italy and Islands, 29.6% in central Italy and 21.6% in northern Italy and that of HW of 2.83% in northern Italy, 7.75% in central Italy and 4.97% in southern Italy and islands. HW prevalence significantly varied over years (χ2=108.401, d.f.=10, p<0.0001), gradually increasing from 0.77% in 2009 to 8.47% in 2016-2017. Conclusions: The new epidemiological scenarios have been discussed according to a range of factors (e.g. environmental modifications, occurrence of competent insect vectors, transportation of infected animals to non-endemic areas, chemoprophylaxis or vector preventative measures), which may affect the current distribution. Overall, results advocate for epidemiological surveillance programs, more focussed preventative and control measures even in areas where few or none cases of both diseases have been diagnosed.

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Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria spp. and other endoparasite infections in kennel dogs in central Italy

Cited by 43 publications

References 52 publications

<I>Giardia duodenalis</I> infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

<I>Giardia duodenalis</I> infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009–2019: changing distribution patterns

Leishmania infantum and Dirofilaria immitis infections in Italy, 2009-2019: changing distribution patterns

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