&lt;I&gt;Giardia duodenalis&lt;/I&gt; infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Perrucci, Stefania; Berrilli, Federica; Procopio, Cristina; Filippo, Margherita Montalbano Di; Pierini, Alessio; Marchetti, Veronica

doi:10.4314/ovj.v10i1.12

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…In a murine model of infection, animals infected neonatally did not clear the parasite when they reached adulthood, although naive adult animals exposed to G. intestinalis were resistant to infection, suggesting that G. intestinalis manipulated the host during the postnatal period to favor its own persistence [ 42 ]. Genotyping results revealed that puppies were infected by assemblages C and D, and that multi-infections were frequent, confirming previous observations [ 12 , 43 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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“…From the detailed examination of the genotypes identified in the different dog populations examined in the various studies performed in Italy, including the present study, a high variability in the frequency of canine and potentially zoonotic genotypes can be observed. More specifically, it emerges that in some studies, potentially zoonotic genotypes were [29,30] or were not [24,32,34,35] identified among privately owned dogs, while in other studies, potentially zoonotic genotypes appeared to be prevalent or showed a high prevalence among kennel or stray dogs [23,25], or were almost completely absent [26,33]. Moreover, this variability additionally emerged by the comparison of G. duodenalis geno-types in the different kennels here examined, as potentially zoonotic genotypes were identified in all of them, while canine genotypes were present in only two of them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Sheltered Dogs in Tuscany (Central Italy)

et al. 2021

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In sheltered dogs, the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis is frequently high and may include potential zoonotic genotypes. The prevalence, genotypes and potential risk factors of G. duodenalis were assessed in 168 dogs from four kennels (Pistoia, Prato, Florence, Valdarno) in Tuscany, central Italy and compared with data from previous Italian studies. The prevalence of other intestinal parasites was also investigated. Individual dog faecal samples collected from each kennel were examined by parasitological techniques and a rapid immunoassay for the detection of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium faecal antigens. On Giardia-positive samples, molecular analysis was performed for genotype identification. Overall, 69 dogs scored positive for G. duodenalis (41%), but significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were found among the four kennels and sampling seasons. The potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B and the canine-specific assemblage C (Pistoia: A-AII, B, C; Prato: A-AII, B; Florence: A-AII; Valdarno: A and C) were identified. Toxocara canis (8.9%), Trichuris vulpis (3.6%), hookworms (1.19%) and Cryptosporidium sp. (0.6%) were also identified. The high prevalence of G. duodenalis and the identification of potentially zoonotic genotypes in all examined kennels underline the need to improve routine parasite monitoring and control measures and to provide insights into the zoonotic potential of G. duodenalis.

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“…Several limitations to this pilot study need to be acknowledged, some of which pertain to the diagnostic exclusion protocol, whereas others to the dietary trial itself. With respect to the former, our strategy of excluding infected animals from the diagnostic work-up due to the risk of re-infestation after parasiticidal therapy might have caused a loss of other CIE cases within the study population, being intestinal parasitoses of common occurrence in primary CIE-affected dogs [ 97 ]. Furthermore, the lack of a complete dietary history in all patients belonging to the study group might have contributed to CIE phenotype misclassification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Ascophyllum nodosum and Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the Management of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Pilot Study

Isidori

Rueca

Massacci

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim was to assess the effects of Ascophyllum nodosum (AN) with/without Bacillus subtilis C-3102 as alternative treatments for Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy (CIE) of dogs. Fourteen CIE patients, which had received the same control (CTR) diet, were enrolled to serially receive three diets: (1) hydrolysed protein (HP) diet; (2) 4.0% AN supplemented HP (HPA) food, (3) HPA diet fortified with 125 billion B. subtilis C-3102 spores/10 kg body weight (HPAB diet). Clinical outcome was assessed by Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI), whereas gut microbiota compositional variations were investigated via 16S rRNA gene analysis, and faecal fermentation end-products by liquid chromatography. Higher abundances of the Ruminococcaceae and Rikenellaceae families were shown in HPA relative to CTR treatment, with Bacillus genus being differentially abundant on HPAB diet. Concentrations of acetate were higher (p < 0.05) in dogs fed HPA compared to CTR diet, and amounts of isovalerate and isobutyrate were greater (p < 0.05) in HPA compared to HP food. A tendency for higher amounts of faecal butyrate was found for the HPAB treatment (p = 0.06). Comprehensively, while displaying potentially positive effects on faecal fermentations, the tested substances failed to improve CIBDAI scores and microbial richness in CIE dogs.

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<I>Giardia duodenalis</I> infection in dogs affected by primary chronic enteropathy

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

Prevalence, Risk Factors and Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Sheltered Dogs in Tuscany (Central Italy)

The Use of Ascophyllum nodosum and Bacillus subtilis C-3102 in the Management of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy: A Pilot Study

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