<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>GG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells

Riehl, Terrence E.; Alvarado, David M.; Ee, Xueping; Zuckerman, Aaron; Foster, L.A.; Kapoor, Vaishali; Thotala, Dinesh; Ciorba, Matthew A.; Stenson, William F.

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316226

Cited by 135 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…30 This difference may well be related to the presence of luminal content and microbiota and/or, for example, lamina propria (inflammatory) cell types that may alter the epithelial repair process in vivo. 31 Our transcriptional analysis of organoids at different stages of repair identified several established transcriptional regulators of the response to irradiation. HNF4a was identified as a potential novel upstream driver of a damage response program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Organoid Model of Damage and Repair Identifies HNF4α as a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration

Montenegro-Miranda¹,

Meer²,

Jones³

et al. 2020

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A Novel Organoid Model of Damage and Repair Identifies HNF4α as a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration

Montenegro-Miranda¹,

Meer²,

Jones³

et al. 2020

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…(A-C) Representative images of H&E staining of Ablating the gut microbiota eliminates the protective effects of DR It was reported that supplementation of probiotics in rodents and human beings could reduce intestinal damage after radio-and/or chemotherapy. 16,25,[33][34][35][36] To determine the role of intestinal microbiota in the DR induced protective effect under high-dose MTX administration, we applied broad-spectrum antibiotics (Abx) to DR pretreated mice to ablate the gut microbiota before MTX administration ( Figure 4A). Remarkably, wiping out the microbiota completely diminished the beneficial effect on the overall survival rate achieved by DR ( Figure 4B).…”

Section: Dr Ameliorates Mtx-induced Intestinal Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LGG was chosen as the Lactobacillus genus was found in higher abundance in DR both before and after MTX administration, as well as LGG belonging to the Lactobacillales lactic acid bacteria Order and being a well-known probiotic, known to protect against radio-and chemotherapy induced intestinal toxicities. 16,35,36 We applied LGG to AL mice for 5 days prior to the MTX administration ( Figure 7A). qPCR analysis proved a significant increase in the amount of LGG in the LGG-fed mice both before and after MTX injection ( Figure 7B).…”

Section: Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Gg Gavage Partially Rescues Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary restriction increases protective gut bacteria to rescue lethal methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicity

et al. 2020

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Methotrexate (MTX) is a typical chemotherapeutic drug that is widely used in the treatment of various malignant diseases as well as autoimmune diseases, with gastrointestinal toxicity being its most prominent complication which could have a significant effect on the prognosis of patients. Yet effective ways to alleviate such complications remains to be explored. Here we show that 30% dietary restriction (DR) for 2 weeks dramatically increased the survival rate of 2-month-old female mice after lethal-dose MTX exposure. DR significantly reduced intestinal inflammation, preserved the number of basal crypt PCNA-positive cells, and protected the function of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) after MTX treatment. Furthermore, ablating intestinal microbiota by broad-spectrum antibiotics completely eliminated the protective effect achieved by DR. 16S rRNA gene deepsequencing analysis revealed that short-term DR significantly increased the Lactobacillus genus, with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG gavage partially mimicking the rescue effect of DR on the intestines of ad libitum fed mice exposed to lethal-dose MTX. Together, the current study reveals that DR could be a highly effective way to alleviate the lethal injury in the intestine after highdose MTX treatment, which is functionally mediated by increasing the protective intestinal microbiota taxa in mice.

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“…Also, Claes and coworkers [47] showed that LTA of LGG is an MAMP with pro-inflammatory activities via TLR2/6 interaction. Furthermore, a recent work demonstrated that LTA of LGG primes the epithelial stem cell niche to protect epithelial stem cells from radiotherapy, by promoting an adaptive immune signaling cascade [48]. The beneficial effects of LTA have also been demonstrated in the species Lactobacillus paracasei.…”

Section: Other Cell-wall Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecules Produced by Probiotics and Intestinal Microorganisms with Immunomodulatory Activity

et al. 2020

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Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. The probiotic microorganisms most commonly used in the food and pharmacy industry belong to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and several strains of these genera have demonstrated beneficial attributes. In addition, some other intestinal bacteria inhabiting the human microbiota, such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila, have recently been discovered and are able to display health-promoting effects in animal and human trials. The beneficial properties of probiotics have been known for a long time, although little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the molecules responsible for their effects. However, in recent years, advances in microbiome studies, and the use of novel analytical and molecular techniques have allowed a deeper insight into their effects at the molecular level. This review summarizes the current knowledge of some of the molecules of probiotics and other intestinal commensal bacteria responsible for their immunomodulatory effect, focusing on those with more solid scientific evidence.

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Lactobacillus rhamnosusGG protects the intestinal epithelium from radiation injury through release of lipoteichoic acid, macrophage activation and the migration of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract: NCT01790035; Pre-results.

Cited by 135 publications

References 47 publications

A Novel Organoid Model of Damage and Repair Identifies HNF4α as a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration

A Novel Organoid Model of Damage and Repair Identifies HNF4α as a Critical Regulator of Intestinal Epithelial Regeneration

Dietary restriction increases protective gut bacteria to rescue lethal methotrexate-induced intestinal toxicity

Molecules Produced by Probiotics and Intestinal Microorganisms with Immunomodulatory Activity

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