I know how you felt last night, or do I? Self- and external ratings of emotions in REM sleep dreams

Sikka, Pilleriin; Valli, Katja; Virta, Tiina; Revonsuo, Antti

doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.011

Cited by 62 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Data were collected as part of a larger study. A detailed description of the participant selection criteria and procedure can be found in Sikka et al (2014). Briefly, of the 159 volunteers, 53 fulfilled participation criteria (healthy, righthanded, native Finnish speakers, good sleep quality) and were asked to keep a home dream diary.…”

Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the differences seem to occur mainly because dream reports derive from different times of night: home dream reports from late REM or NREM sleep dreams and laboratory dream reports from both early and late REM sleep dreams. Indeed, late REM sleep dream reports, compared to early REM sleep dream reports, have been found to have greater emotionality or emotional intensity (Sikka et al, 2014;Wamsley et al, 2007;cf. Fosse et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

Sikka

Sandman

Tuominen

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to compare the emotional content of dream reports collected at home upon morning awakenings with those collected in the laboratory upon early and late rapid eye movement (REM) sleep awakenings. Eighteen adults (11 women, seven men; mean age = 25.89 AE 4.85) wrote down their home dreams every morning immediately upon awakening during a 7-day period. Participants also spent two non-consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory where they were awoken 5 min into each continuous REM sleep stage, upon which they gave a verbal dream report. The content of a total of 151 home and 120 laboratory dream reports was analysed by two blind judges using the modified Differential Emotions Scale. It was found that: (1) home dream reports were more emotional than laboratory early REM dream reports, but not more emotional than laboratory late REM dream reports; (2) home dream reports contained a higher density of emotions than laboratory (early or late REM) dream reports; and (3) home dream reports were more negative than laboratory dream reports, but differences between home and early REM reports were larger than those between home and late REM reports. The results suggest that differences between home and laboratory dream reports in overall emotionality may be due to the time of night effect. Whether differences in the density of emotions and negative emotionality are due to sleep environment or due to different reporting procedures and time spent in a sleep stage, respectively, remains to be determined in future studies.

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Section: Participants and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

Sikka

Sandman

Tuominen

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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“…(), the dream‐lag effect was only evidenced when participants assessed their own incorporations and not when independent judges assessed them. Problems with the use of independent judges for scoring dream reports in general are detailed more extensively in Sikka, Valli, Virta, and Revonsuo (). As a result of these findings we did not employ independent judges in the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of delayed dream incorporation (‘dream‐lag effect’): Personally significant events persist, but not major daily activities or concerns

Eichenlaub

Rijn

Phelan

et al. 2018

Journal of Sleep Research

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SummaryIncorporation of details from waking life events into rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams has been found to be highest on the 2 nights after, and then 5-7 nights after, the event. These are termed, respectively, the day-residue and dreamlag effects. This study is the first to categorize types of waking life experiences and compare their incorporation into dreams across multiple successive nights. Thirtyeight participants completed a daily diary each evening and a dream diary each morning for 14 days. In the daily diary, three categories of experiences were reported: major daily activities (MDAs), personally significant events (PSEs) and major concerns (MCs). After the 14-day period each participant identified the correspondence between items in their daily diaries and subsequent dream reports. The day-residue and dream-lag effects were found for the incorporation of PSEs into dreams (effect sizes of .33 and .27, respectively), but only for participants (n = 19) who had a below-median total number of correspondences between daily diary items and dream reports (termed "low-incorporators" as opposed to "high-incorporators"). Neither the day-residue or dream-lag effects were found for MDAs or MCs.This U-shaped timescale of incorporation of events from daily life into dreams has been proposed to reflect REM sleep-dependent memory consolidation, possibly related to emotional memory processing. This study had a larger sample size of dreams than any dream-lag study hitherto with trained participants. Coupled with previous successful replications, there is thus substantial evidence supporting the dream-lag effect and further explorations of its mechanism, including its neural underpinnings, are warranted.

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“…I will suggest some applications in the following section. (Merritt et al 1994, Sikka et al 2014) and have demonstrated that dream recall frequency increases when subjects are provided with dream checklists.…”

Section: Reporting Dreamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

I’m thinking your thoughts while I sleep: Sense of agency and ownership over dream thought.

Rosen¹

2015

Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice

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found that although TI and AH both occur in dreams, TI is very rare. This is an interesting result since TI is common in patients with schizophrenia. I propose two speculative lines of explanation for the rarity of TI in dreams: first, the cognitive differences between the symptoms of schizophrenia and dreams, and second, the problem of dream reporting conditions. Dream reporting conditions are particularly important, as without controls, reports can be vague. Analysis of dream reports reveals that it is often unclear whether 'hearing voices' indicates sound phenomenology or thought phenomenology. I propose that dream reports could be disambiguated given the right experimental conditions and I suggest how this could be achieved in future experimental research.

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I know how you felt last night, or do I? Self- and external ratings of emotions in REM sleep dreams

Cited by 62 publications

References 34 publications

Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

The nature of delayed dream incorporation (‘dream‐lag effect’): Personally significant events persist, but not major daily activities or concerns

I’m thinking your thoughts while I sleep: Sense of agency and ownership over dream thought.

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