Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

Sikka, Pilleriin; Sandman, Nils; Tuominen, Jarno; Valli, Katja

doi:10.1111/jsr.12555

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Moreover, here we show that the mDES may be a useful and reliable tool to investigate dream emotionality. The mDES, in fact, has been very seldom used in dream research-with Sikka et al’s work [ 26 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 51 ] being, to our knowledge, the only case, whereas most of the studies exploited instruments addressing narrower sets of emotions or ad hoc scales lacking validation (e.g., [ 27 , 41 , 42 , 45 ]). We believe that the use of a broader array of emotion items appears particularly appropriate in investigating dream emotionality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worthwhile to note that a main limitation of research on dream emotions may be linked to the use of numerous different instruments for the collection of dream emotion ratings and to the constraints of the most common available scales, such as the POMS (Profile of Mood States [ 49 ]), which is limited to maladaptive affective states, or the PANAS (Positive and Negative Affect Scale [ 50 ]), which includes positive emotions but exclusively targets high activation affective states. Instead, the mDES, which has seldom been used in dream research [ 26 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 51 ], reduces the risk of underestimating the presence of positive emotions, since it includes a more balanced number of positive and negative items (ten positive and ten negative in the original versions [ 47 , 48 ], twelve positive and ten negative in our Italian version).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

et al. 2020

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Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into wake and dream emotional experience remains unclear. Here, we aimed to assess dream emotions and their relationships with wake emotions through the modified Differential Emotions Scale (Fredrickson, 2003), which includes a broad array of both positive and negative emotions. The scale has been first validated on 212 healthy Italian participants, in two versions: a WAKE-2wks form, assessing the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, and a WAKE-24hr form, assessing their intensity over the past 24 h. Fifty volunteers from the wider sample completed the WAKE-24hr mDES for several days until a dream was recalled, and dream emotions were self-reported using the same scale. A bifactorial structure was confirmed for both mDES forms, which also showed good validity and reliability. Though Positive and Negative Affect (average intensity of positive and negative items, PA, and NA, respectively) were balanced in dreams, specific negative emotions prevailed; rmANOVA showed a different pattern (prevalence of PA and positive emotions) in wake (both WAKE-2wks and WAKE-24hr), with a decrease of PA and an increase of NA in the dream compared to previous wake. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect, and exploratory analyses revealed a stable proportion of PA and NA (with prevailing PA) over the 3 days preceding the dream. Our findings highlight a discontinuity between wake and dream affect and suggest that positive and negative emotions experienced during wake may undertake distinct sleep-related regulation pathways.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, because the current study was performed in the laboratory environment, the findings may have been influenced by the experimental setting and procedure. For example, it has been shown that home dream reports contain more negative affect, especially fear, than laboratory dream reports (Foulkes, 1979;Sikka et al, 2018). As such, it would be important to repli-cate the study in a more naturalistic home environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations over the Right Frontal Cortex during REM Sleep and Presleep Wakefulness Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

2019

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Affective experiences are central not only to our waking life but also to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams. Despite our increasing understanding of the neural correlates of dreaming, we know little about the neural correlates of dream affect. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered a marker of affective states and traits as well as affect regulation in the waking state. Here, we explored whether FAA during REM sleep and during evening resting wakefulness is related to affective experiences in REM sleep dreams. EEG recordings were obtained from 17 human participants (7 men) who spent 2 nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants were awakened 5 min after the onset of every REM stage after which they provided a dream report and rated their dream affect. Two-minute preawakening EEG segments were analyzed. Additionally, 8 min of evening presleep and morning postsleep EEG were recorded during resting wakefulness. Mean spectral power in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) and corresponding FAA were calculated over the frontal (F4-F3) sites. Results showed that FAA during REM sleep, and during evening resting wakefulness, predicted ratings of dream anger. This suggests that individuals with greater alpha power in the right frontal hemisphere may be less able to regulate (i.e., inhibit) strong affective states, such as anger, in dreams. Additionally, FAA was positively correlated across wakefulness and REM sleep. Together, these findings imply that FAA may serve as a neural correlate of affect regulation not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state.

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“…Additionally, because the current study was carried out in the laboratory environment, the findings may have been influenced by the experimental setting and procedure. For example, it has been shown that home dream reports contain more negative affect, especially fear, than laboratory dream reports (87,88). As such, it would be important to replicate the study in a more naturalistic home environment, although currently the technology needed for conducting such a study is still under development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations Over the Right Frontal Cortex Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

Sikka¹,

Noreika²,

Valli³

2018

Preprint

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Affective experiences are central not only to our waking life but also to rapid eye movement (REM) sleep dreams. While the neural correlates of REM sleep are well documented, we know little about the neural correlates of dream affect. Frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) is considered a marker of affective states and traits as well as affect regulation in the waking state. Here, we explored whether FAA during REM sleep and during evening resting wakefulness is related to affective experiences in REM sleep dreams. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were obtained from participants who spent two nights in the sleep laboratory. Participants were awakened five minutes after the onset of every REM stage after which they provided a dream report and rated their dream affect. Two-minute pre-awakening EEG preceding each dream report were analyzed. Additionally, eight minutes of evening pre-sleep and morning post-sleep EEG were recorded during resting wakefulness. Mean spectral power in the alpha band (8-13 Hz) and corresponding FAA were calculated over the frontal (F4-F3) sites. Results showed that FAA during REM sleep, and during evening resting wakefulness, predicted ratings of dream anger. This suggests that individuals with lower right frontal activity (reflected in increased alpha power) may be less able to regulate (i.e., inhibit) strong affective states, such as anger, in dreams. Additionally, FAA was positively correlated across wakefulness and REM sleep. These findings imply that FAA may serve as a neural correlate of state and trait affect regulation not only in the waking but also in the dreaming state.

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Dream emotions: a comparison of home dream reports with laboratory early and late REM dream reports

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

Relationships between Dream and Previous Wake Emotions Assessed through the Italian Modified Differential Emotions Scale

EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations over the Right Frontal Cortex during REM Sleep and Presleep Wakefulness Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

EEG Frontal Alpha Asymmetry and Dream Affect: Alpha Oscillations Over the Right Frontal Cortex Predict Anger in REM Sleep Dreams

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