Kese and Tellak: Cultural Framings of Body Treatments in the ‘Turkish Bath’

Abstract

Using water for body treatments has an especially long tradition in many cultures and, is deeply intertwined with Roman and Ottoman culture. However, it is clear that today it is not possible to attribute bathing – not even a specific type of bathing, such as the hammam steam bath – to one particular culture (ignoring the obvious problems associated with trying to delineate clearly between such blurred constructs as a specific culture or as a discrete entity). Thus, the ‘Turkish bath’ is a widely used term introduced to Europe in the eighteenth century or applied to various different manifestations. The term reflects the European perception of Turkish bathing culture, primarily connected with bathing within a hammam complex or – as the Turkish term goes – a hammami. Bathing in the hammam-style is rather a Roman cultural practice, an element adapted and integrated in Ottoman culture and readapted thereafter into modern Western culture. It is often believed that these practices are rooted in the cultural history of the present state of Turkey (although ancient ‘Turkish bath’ architecture famously exists in Greece or Albania, too1). Furthermore, the geographical or architectural nexus between mosques and hammams and, also, the temporal order of Islamic culture (in which visiting a hammam before various ritual occasions is required) have often suggested seeing the Turkish bath as a religious custom.

The Cultural Ecohydrogeology of Mediterranean-Climate Springs: A Global Review with Case Studies

“…During the period of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Bath practice known as "Hammam Culture" became regarded as important for body treatments. Traditional components included kese (a special glove for peeling), pestemal (a kind of traditional towel), tellak (a specialist trained in hammam), and olive soap [146]. Besides its health and healing properties, hammam is also important for socialization, as those who visit the hammam are refreshed and relaxed after the bath and massage.…”

The Cultural Ecohydrogeology of Mediterranean-Climate Springs: A Global Review with Case Studies

“…During the period of the Ottoman Empire, the Turkish Bath practice known as "Hammam Culture" became regarded as important for body treatments. In this concern, kese (a special glove for peeling), pestemal (a kind of traditional towel for hammam), tellak (a specialist trained in hammam), and olive soap are traditionally used (Hahn 2016). Beside its health and healing properties, hammam is also important in socialization, as those who visit hamam feel refreshed after the bath and massage.…”