<i>INCOMPOSITA</i>: a MADS-box gene controlling prophyll development and floral meristem identity in<i>Antirrhinum</i>

Masiero, Simona; Li, Mingai; Will, Isa; Hartmann, Ulrike; Saedler, Heinz; Huijser, Peter; Schwarz‐Sommer, Zsuzsanna; Sommer, Hans

doi:10.1242/dev.01517

Cited by 96 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…4 B and C). These results, together with the known function of SVP genes as suppressors of flowering and inflorescence development (30)(31)(32)(33), suggest that the three SVP genes work downstream of TAW1 to suppress SM identity. Using a two-component induction system, we confirmed that the induction of TAW1 transcription does indeed lead to the activation of the three SVP genes (Fig.…”

Section: Taw1 Is Expressed In the Meristem To Suppress The Transitionmentioning

confidence: 75%

TAWAWA1 , a regulator of rice inflorescence architecture, functions through the suppression of meristem phase transition

Yoshida

Sasao

Yasuno

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

210

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Inflorescence structures result from the activities of meristems, which coordinate both the renewal of stem cells in the center and organ formation at the periphery. The fate of a meristem is specified at its initiation and changes as the plant develops. During rice inflorescence development, newly formed meristems acquire a branch meristem (BM) identity, and can generate further meristems or terminate as spikelets. Thus, the form of rice inflorescence is determined by a reiterative pattern of decisions made at the meristems. In the dominant gain-of-function mutant tawawa1-D, the activity of the inflorescence meristem (IM) is extended and spikelet specification is delayed, resulting in prolonged branch formation and increased numbers of spikelets. In contrast, reductions in TAWAWA1 (TAW1) activity cause precocious IM abortion and spikelet formation, resulting in the generation of small inflorescences. TAW1 encodes a nuclear protein of unknown function and shows high levels of expression in the shoot apical meristem, the IM, and the BMs. TAW1 expression disappears from incipient spikelet meristems (SMs). We also demonstrate that members of the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE subfamily of MADS-box genes function downstream of TAW1. We thus propose that TAW1 is a unique regulator of meristem activity in rice and regulates inflorescence development through the promotion of IM activity and suppression of the phase change to SM identity.ALOG family | meristem identity | grain yield T he timing of each meristem phase change is crucial in the control of inflorescence architecture (1-3). In grass species, the basic architecture of inflorescence is defined by the spatial arrangement of spikelets, which are small branches containing a variable number of flowers. Among the meristems that are generated from the primary inflorescence meristem (IM) during inflorescence (panicle) development, early ones acquire an indeterminate branch meristem (BM) identity, whereas later ones are specified as determinate spikelet meristems (SMs) (Fig. 1A) (4, 5). The BMs themselves are eventually transformed into SMs after generating a certain number of branches and spikelets (Fig. 1B). Thus, the pattern of SM specification is a primary determinant of grass inflorescence form. Delays in SM specification lead to iterations of branching, resulting in larger panicles that could potentially produce more grain. Conversely, the acceleration of SM specification results in smaller panicles with fewer spikelets. Rice inflorescence development exhibits an additional unique feature in that the IM loses its activity after producing several BMs, leaving a vestige at the tip of the rachis, the inflorescence main stem (Fig. 1A). Therefore, the timing of IM abortion is also a critical factor determining the form of rice inflorescence.The competence of a meristem to become an SM gradually increases during inflorescence development; however, the molecular basis for the timing of SM specification is largely unknown.To date, several genes that control inflorescence form ...

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Section: Taw1 Is Expressed In the Meristem To Suppress The Transitionmentioning

confidence: 75%

TAWAWA1 , a regulator of rice inflorescence architecture, functions through the suppression of meristem phase transition

Yoshida

Sasao

Yasuno

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

210

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“…This subclade includes only two Arabidopsis genes, SVP and AGL24. Ectopic overexpression of SVP and related genes in Arabidopsis leads to foliose sepal syndrome-that is, the formation of large sepals 22 . In apple, this specific subclade not only includes two genes expressed in the pome but is also expanded to include 15 other genes.…”

Section: G T a A C C G G T T G T A C C T A G C T A G A C G T A A C mentioning

confidence: 99%

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

et al. 2010

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“…To confirm the T-DNA insertion sites of these alleles, we sequenced the PCR products amplified using left border primers and gene-specific primers. SVP overexpressor plants obtained from H. Sommer (Max Planck Institut, Köln, Germany) have been described previously (Masiero et al 2004). The mutant lines used in this study are described in Supplementary Table S1.…”

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confidence: 99%

Role of SVP in the control of flowering time by ambient temperature in Arabidopsis

Lee¹,

Yoo²,

Park³

et al. 2007

Genes Dev.

574

564

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Plants are sessile organisms and are, consequently, exposed to a wide variety of environmental stresses, both abiotic and biotic, exerted by their surroundings. The most common of these is temperature. Within the range of temperatures tolerable to plants, the response to low temperature, particularly near-freezing temperature, is well understood. Plants have evolved a number of adaptive mechanisms to meet the challenge of low temperature. In Arabidopsis, flowering is accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold, a process called vernalization. The epigenetic silencing of the FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) (Michaels and Amasino 1999;Sheldon et al. 1999) is central to the vernalization process (Sung and Amasino 2005), and this silencing has been attributed to the activities of the VERNALIZATION1 (VRN1), VERNAL-IZATION2 (VRN2), and VERNALIZATION INSENSI-TIVE3 (VIN3) genes (Gendall et al. 2001;Levy et al. 2002;Sung and Amasino 2004). Cold acclimation is another well-characterized response to low temperature (Guy 1990). Plants become tolerant to freezing temperatures by being previously exposed to short periods of low but nonfreezing temperatures. Analyses of mutant plants have identified C-Repeat-binding factor (CBF)-dependent and CBF-independent signaling pathways in cold acclimation (Sharma et al. 2005), suggesting that plants use distinct mechanisms to respond to low temperature.There is increasing concern about the potential impact of global temperature changes, which significantly affect ambient temperature, on plant development. Several lines of evidence suggest that the recently observed alterations in the flowering times of many plant species and the increase in plant respiration rates are closely associated with these changes in ambient temperature (Fitter and Fitter 2002;Atkin and Tjoelker 2003). Although a great deal of progress has been made in our understanding of the regulation of plant development by low temperature, less is currently known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of plants to changes in ambient temperature (Coupland and Prat Monguio 2005;Samach and Wigge 2005). Here, we show that the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) gene mediates ambient temperature signaling in Arabidopsis and that the SVP-mediated control of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) expression is one of the molecular mechanisms evolved by plants to modulate the timing of the developmental transition to flowering phase in response to changes in the ambient temperature. Results and DiscussionAs a first step to determining the mechanism underlying the perception and transduction of ambient temperature signaling in plants, we assessed mutants in known flowering time genes for their insensitivity to changes in ambient growth temperature. Of the flowering time mutants tested, one with a lesion in svp was indeed insensitive to such changes. The flowering of the majority of these flowering time mutants was noticeably delayed at 16°C, with flowering time ratios (16°C/23°C) ranging from 1.1 to 2.0 (Fig. 1A), the exception being ld-1. However,...

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INCOMPOSITA: a MADS-box gene controlling prophyll development and floral meristem identity inAntirrhinum

Cited by 96 publications

References 39 publications

TAWAWA1 , a regulator of rice inflorescence architecture, functions through the suppression of meristem phase transition

TAWAWA1 , a regulator of rice inflorescence architecture, functions through the suppression of meristem phase transition

The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

Role of SVP in the control of flowering time by ambient temperature in Arabidopsis

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