In vivo spectroscopy in dermatology: methods and new fields of application

Abstract

The standardization of spectroscopic measurement of human skin is essential to reduce error sources. In future a better investigation of skin structures and molecules, which are responsible for optical characteristics of skin and a more precise evaluation of spectroscopic signals are necessary to get more information about the state of skin and to develop new fields of applications, such as early diagnosis of skin diseases or monitoring of metabolic processes.

Comparison of two methods for noninvasive determination of carotenoids in human and animal skin: Raman spectroscopy versus reflection spectroscopy

“…The heightened pressure applied by an MSS could increase the remittance, as the blood flow in the dermal plexus is interrupted and the absorption is decreased [56], which could influence the reflection measurements. Therefore, standardized test conditions were performed to reduce the source of errors.…”

Skin‐lightening products revisited

“…Narrow‐band reflectance spectrophotometry explores the specific absorption wavelengths by the two main skin chromophores, melanin and haemoglobin [1, 2, 42–46]. The melanin index M is directly correlated to skin melanization, while the erythema index E quantifies the haemoglobin amount.…”

Spontaneous ultraweak photon emission imaging of oxidative metabolic processes in human skin: effect of molecular oxygen and antioxidant defense system

“…It is known that different wavelengths of light have different penetration depths in human skin. 22 Due to its ultraweak nature and emission in the visible range of the spectrum, it is possible to detect the ultraweak photon emission only from the 3 mm layer below the body surface. 23 It indicates that the oxidative metabolic processes in the skin play a significant role in the overall photon emission from the human body.…”