<i>In vivo</i> single human sweat gland activity monitoring using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excited autofluorescence microscopy

Chen, Xueqin; Gasecka, Paulina; Formanek, F.; Galey, Jean‐Baptiste; Rigneault, Hervé

doi:10.1111/bjd.14292

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, the details and mechanisms of the process that lead to the formation of the plug were only recently explained through a combination of sophisticated technologies. 30,31 In brief, these two converging studies clearly confirm that ACH acts as a plug-forming concrete material. The latter is formed by the aggregation of sweat proteins by aluminum polycations, at the ostia of the eccrine canal and the common apocrine pilosebaceous canal, thereby lowering the sweat flux.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Since the late 1970s, it has been generally accepted that aluminum salts form a superficial plug at the canal ostia. However, the details and mechanisms of the process that lead to the formation of the plug were only recently explained through a combination of sophisticated technologies . In brief, these two converging studies clearly confirm that ACH acts as a plug‐forming concrete material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Developing a new device for continuously recording, in vivo, the excretion rate of sweat (perspiration) in humans

Caberlotto

Guillou

Colomb

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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Background Some methodologies used for evaluating sweat production and antiperspirants are of a stationary aspect, that is, most often performed under warm (38°C) but resting conditions in a rather short period of time. The aim is to develop an electronic sensor apt at continuously recording sweat excretion, in vivo, during physical exercises, exposure to differently heated environments, or any other stimuli that may provoke sweat excretion. Material and Methods A sensor (20 cm2) is wrapped under a double‐layered textile pad. Fixed onto the armpits, these two arrays of electrodes are connected to electronic system through an analog multiplexer. A microcontroller is used to permanently record changes in the conductance between two electrodes during exposure of subjects to different sweat‐inducing conditions or to assess the efficacy of applied aluminum hydrochloride (ACH)‐based roll‐ons at two concentrations (5% and 15%). Results In vitro calibration, using a NaCl 0.5% solution, allows changes in mV to be related with progressively increased volumes. In vivo, results show that casual physical exercise leads to sweat excretions much higher than in warm environment (37 or 45°C). Only, an exposure to a 50°C environment induced comparable sweat excretion. In this condition, sweat excretions were found similar in both armpits and both genders. Decreased sweat excretions were recorded following applications of ACH, with a dose effect. Conclusion Developing phases of this new approach indicate that usual method or guidelines used to determine sweat excretions in vivo do not reflect true energy expenditure processes. As a consequence, they probably over‐estimate the efficacy of antiperspirant agents or formulae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Developing a new device for continuously recording, in vivo, the excretion rate of sweat (perspiration) in humans

Caberlotto

Guillou

Colomb

et al. 2019

Skin Research and Technology

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“…When designing a suitable collection method, this needs to be taken into account. Furthermore, this also affects the temporal resolution that can be reached; for example typically an eccrine gland is active for about 30 s and nonactive for 150 s, 125 hence sampling within a few minutes might not be possible because no sweat is generated.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectives In Sweat Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable sweat sensing for prolonged, semicontinuous, and nonobtrusive health monitoring

Moonen

Haakma

Peri

et al. 2020

VIEW

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Together with the upcoming market for wearable consumer technologies, noninvasive and continuous health monitoring has become a new trend in the healthcare landscape. In recent years, significant research has been targeted toward the development of wearable sensing devices for monitoring biomarker levels in nonobtrusively accessible biofluids such as tears, urine, saliva, and sweat. Sweat could be an ideal candidate for prolonged, semicontinuous, and nonobtrusive health monitoring because sweat is a continuously accessible biofluid containing physiologically and metabolically rich information. However, challenges still remain toward commercialized wearable sweat-sensing devices, and the correlation between biomarker concentrations in sweat with health conditions still seems to be not fully understood. This review article aims to display the full scope of sweat sensing for health monitoring, starting from the fundamentals of human sweat, via modeling of the sweat gland physiology toward wearable sweat-sensing devices in research and commercialization efforts. Finally, the challenges of sweat sensing that still have to be overcome toward the utilization of sweat sensing in the conventional healthcare settings are discussed.

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“…Other techniques have previously been used to study stratum corneum hydration including high pressure freezing before freeze substitution [45] and cryo-scanning electron microscopy [23], although in using such investigational approaches, it cannot be excluded that the harsh tissue processing protocols affect the integrity of the corneocytes themselves. CRS microscopy methods therefore offer the advantage of requiring little-to-no sample preparation, and have already been used to pursue dermatological investigations in human subjects [46]. Having an established framework for processing CRS image data using linear mixed effect models, investigations can further be performed on human volunteers in order to ascertain stratum corneum hydration dynamics in the most ideal biological context in vivo.…”

Section: Stratum Corneum Rehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing stratum corneum structure, barrier function, and chemical content of human skin with coherent Raman scattering imaging

Osseiran¹,

Cruz²,

Jeong³

et al. 2018

Biomed. Opt. Express

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The most superficial layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum, plays a crucial role in retaining hydration; if its structure or composition is compromised, dry skin may result as a consequence of poor water retention. Dry skin is typically treated with topical application of humectant agents that attract water into the skin. Corneometry, the industry standard for measuring skin hydration, works by assessing the bulk electrical properties of skin. However, this technique samples a large volume of tissue and thus does not resolve the biochemical changes that occur at the cellular level that may underlie mechanisms of dry skin. These limitations can be addressed using coherent Raman scattering (CRS) microscopy to probe the intrinsic vibrational modes of chemical groups such as lipids and water. In the present study, ex vivo human skin explants undergoing dehydration and humectant-induced rehydration were measured via CRS imaging and corneometry. Corneometry data and chemically specific images were obtained from the stratum corneum of each patient sample at each timepoint. The resulting data was statistically analyzed using linear mixed effect model regression analysis. The cellular imaging data revealed water loss in the stratum corneum during dehydration that was correlated with corneometer readings. Interestingly, the imaging data and corneometer readings show differences under the experimental rehydration conditions. The rehydration results suggest that hydration restored by the humectant agents may not be retained by the corneocytes in the ex vivo model system. Given the complementary nature of corneometry, a bulk assessment tool, and CRS microscopy, a modality with subcellular resolution implemented here in an en-face tissue imaging setup, these techniques can be used to measure uptake and efficacy of topical compounds in order to better understand their mode of action and improve therapeutic applications.

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In vivo single human sweat gland activity monitoring using coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering and two-photon excited autofluorescence microscopy

Abstract: Although data were acquired on human palms, these techniques show great promise for a better understanding of sweat secretion physiology and should be helpful to improve the efficacy of antiperspirant formulations.

Cited by 21 publications

References 31 publications

Developing a new device for continuously recording, in vivo, the excretion rate of sweat (perspiration) in humans

Developing a new device for continuously recording, in vivo, the excretion rate of sweat (perspiration) in humans

Wearable sweat sensing for prolonged, semicontinuous, and nonobtrusive health monitoring

Characterizing stratum corneum structure, barrier function, and chemical content of human skin with coherent Raman scattering imaging

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