Developing a new device for continuously recording, in vivo, the excretion rate of sweat (perspiration) in humans

Abstract

Background Some methodologies used for evaluating sweat production and antiperspirants are of a stationary aspect, that is, most often performed under warm (38°C) but resting conditions in a rather short period of time. The aim is to develop an electronic sensor apt at continuously recording sweat excretion, in vivo, during physical exercises, exposure to differently heated environments, or any other stimuli that may provoke sweat excretion. Material and Methods A sensor (20 cm2) is wrapped under a double‐layered textile pad. Fixed onto the armpits, these two arrays of electrodes are connected to electronic system through an analog multiplexer. A microcontroller is used to permanently record changes in the conductance between two electrodes during exposure of subjects to different sweat‐inducing conditions or to assess the efficacy of applied aluminum hydrochloride (ACH)‐based roll‐ons at two concentrations (5% and 15%). Results In vitro calibration, using a NaCl 0.5% solution, allows changes in mV to be related with progressively increased volumes. In vivo, results show that casual physical exercise leads to sweat excretions much higher than in warm environment (37 or 45°C). Only, an exposure to a 50°C environment induced comparable sweat excretion. In this condition, sweat excretions were found similar in both armpits and both genders. Decreased sweat excretions were recorded following applications of ACH, with a dose effect. Conclusion Developing phases of this new approach indicate that usual method or guidelines used to determine sweat excretions in vivo do not reflect true energy expenditure processes. As a consequence, they probably over‐estimate the efficacy of antiperspirant agents or formulae.

Self‐recording the skin hydration and Trans‐Epidermal Water Loss parameters: A pilot study

“…The tremendous and recent advances made in the connecting processes through smartphones, developing skin measuring connected devices (skin color, sebum production, mechanical properties…) seems a realistic future step. Merging nomad devices, wearable sensors, 15,16 and new A.I‐based algorithms for automatic clinical grading of smartphones images 17‐20 seems a new pathway for monitoring of women and men in their real environments and lifestyles. However, to ensure a collection of reliable data, this approach strictly requires the subjects enrolled in a given study to be fully informed and trained about the proper handling of these connected devices.…”