In vivo immuno‐reactivity analysis of the porous three‐dimensional chitosan/SiO₂ and chitosan/SiO₂/hydroxyapatite hybrids

Abstract

Inorganic/organic hybrid silica-chitosan (CS) scaffolds have promising potential for bone defect repair, due to the controllable mechanical properties, degradation behavior, and scaffold morphology. However, the precise in vivo immuno-reactivity of silica-CS hybrids with various compositions is still poorly defined. In this study, we fabricated the three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous chitosan-silica (CS/SiO ) and chitosan-silica-hydroxyapatite (CS/SiO /HA) hybrids, through sol-gel process and 3D plotting skill, followed by the naturally or freeze drying separately. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the hybrids possessed the uniform geometric structure, while, transmission electron microscopy displayed nanoscale silica, or HA nanoparticles dispersed homogeneously in the CS matrix, or CS/silica hybrids. After intramuscular implantation, CS/SiO and CS/SiO /HA hybrids triggered a local and limited monocyte/macrophage infiltration and myofiber degeneration. Naturally dried CS/SiO hybrid provoked a more severe inflammation than the freeze-dried ones. Dendritic cells were attracted to invade into the implants embedded-muscle, but not be activated to prime the adaptive immunity, because the absence of cytotoxic T cells and B cells in muscle received the implants. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis indicated the implanted hybrids were incapable to initiate splenocytes activation. Plasma complement C3 enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay showed the hybrids induced C3 levels increase in early implanting phase, and the subsequent striking decrease. Thus, the present results suggest that, in vivo, 3D plotted porous CS/SiO and CS/SiO /HA hybrids are relatively biocompatible in vivo, which initiate a localized inflammatory procedure, instead of a systematic immune response. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1223-1235, 2018.

Regulating the proinflammatory response to implanted composite biomaterials comprising polylactide and hydroxyapatite by targeting immunometabolism

“…Next, we examined the levels of CD11b + monocytes 47-49 and F4/80 + macrophages 50 in the biomaterial microenvironment (CD11b is also expressed on some B-cells, neutrophils and macrophages 50 ). Consistent with prior observations 30,51 , implantation of aPLA+HA increased monocyte and macrophage proportions relative to sham controls, but incorporation of a.a. or 2DG did not reduce cellular recruitment (Fig. 3a-f).…”

Use of Nanoparticles in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

“…HAp is commonly used in TERM applications. Combination of HAp with various from of carriers such as electrospun fibers (Cai et al, 2017; Samadian et al, 2018), porous scaffolds (Guo M. et al, 2018), and hydrogels (Ghosh et al, 2017) have been reported for preparation of nanocomposite materials to modulate the desired cellular activities. Recently, graphene oxide-incorporated silicate-doped nano-HAp composites have been used for reinforcement of fibrous scaffolds of PCL produced by wet electrospinning for bone tissue engineering (Dalgic et al, 2018).…”

Inorganic Nanomaterials in Tissue Engineering

“…The efficacy of HP was also widely proven in tissue engineering application for tendon and bone regeneration. The combination of HP with various carriers, such as porous [83] and electrospun [84,85] scaffolds or hydrogels [86] showed enhancement of cellular activity. In particular, the research underlined the HP capability of increasing the mechanical properties of the scaffolds and of supporting cell adhesion and differentiation into osteo-like cells, able to produce ECM.…”