<i>In vitro</i>Studies

Velliou, Eirini; Pefani, Eleni; Santos, Susana Brito Dos; Fuentes-Garí, María; Misener, Ruth; Panoskaltsis, Nicki; Mantalaris, A.; Georgiadis, MC; Pistikopoulos, E.N.

doi:10.1002/9781118965580.ch7

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Some of the species that form this acid include Aspergillus, Penicillium, Acetobacter, and others [2,10,[12][13][14]. Amongst the Aspergillus species, its main producers are Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus parasiticus (Table 1) [15][16][17][18]. It is used in the food and cosmeceutical industries for preserving or changing the color of substances.…”

Section: Fungi-producing Kojic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Use of Kojic Acid—A Skin-Lightening Ingredient

et al. 2022

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This article reviews the use of Kojic Acid (KA) as a skin-lightening ingredient in the cosmetics industry. In 1907, Saito discovered KA, a natural product; it has since become one of the most investigated skin-lightening agents. This paper highlights the findings of the research conducted on this agent. It has been found that KA has certain disadvantages, and researchers have attempted to mitigate these disadvantages by designing new equivalents of KA that are more efficient in tyrosinase inhibition. These equivalents are also safe to use and have improved properties and solubility. The Cosmeceutical Ingredient Review (CIR) indicates that this ingredient can be safely used at a concentration not higher than 1% due to its cytotoxicity. Other scientific data also support its safety at a concentration of 2% or less. It was shown to be helpful in the treatment of hyper pigmentary disorders, such as freckles, age spots, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma, which has been proven clinically.

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Section: Fungi-producing Kojic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KA produced from bearberry leaves is safe and efficient for topical use, although it is not satisfactorily effective and not stable for use in cosmeceuticals [1,7,18].…”

Section: Safety Assessment Of Kojic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%