In vitroregeneration and transformation in chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Overexpression of WUSCHEL in C. chinense causes ectopic morphogenesis

“…Since the first report for genetic transformation of Capsicum spp in 1990 until know estable transformation of this genera has been proven difficult, inefficient and unreproducible for many species of the genera (Liu et al 1990;Yu-Xian et al 1996;Manoharan et al 1998;Mihalka et al 2000;Venkataiah et al 2001;Ochoa-Alejo and Ramírez-Malagon 2001;Romero-Pozueta et al 2001;Shin et al 2002a;Cai et al 2003;Shivegowda et al 2002;Shin et al 2002b;Mihalka et al 2003;Dabauza and Peña 2003;Li et al 2003;Lee et al 2004). The main problem for this is the recalcitrant quality of the species making regeneration and genetic transformation in vitro difficult (Mihalka et al 2000).…”

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-transient genetic transformation of Habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) leaf explants

“…However, the genus Capsicum has remained largely recalcitrant to stable transformation and as a result only a low frequency and reproducibility (0.5-1% success rate) of transformation has been successfully achieved (Manoharan et al 1998;Kim et al 2001b;Li et al 2003;Lee et al 2004). The lack of a suitable pepper regeneration system represents a significant obstacle for its genetic manipulation and for the development of functional genomic studies (Ochoa-Alejo and Ramirez-Malagon, 2001;Shivegowda et al 2002;Li et al 2003;Lee et al 2004). To overcome these difficulties, analyses of the gene functions of the pepper have been performed in heterologous systems; in the recent years the heterologous systems of Arabidopsis thaliana (Hong and Hwang, 2006), Solanum lycopersicum (Sarowar et al 2006), Nicotiana tabacum (Park et al 2006), and Allium cepa (Hong and Kim, 2005) have been used.…”

In Vitro Regeneration of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) from Cotyledon Explants

“…Christopher and Rajam (1994) observed maximum shoots on MS medium with BAP at 88.8 μM or kinetin at 116.2 μM. Regeneration from cotyledonary explants of chilli was obtained by Shivegowda et al, (2002) on MS medium supplemented with zeatin 9-18 μM in combination with GA 3 (2.89 μM). Nancy et al, (2005) observed multiple shoots from Habanero pepper with nodes cultured on MS medium supplemented with 3.4 µM TDZ.…”

“…While, the hybrid Bharat reported maximum per cent regeneration (75.7%), more number of elongated shoots per explant (2.4) and highest per cent shoot elongation (64.7%) on cotyledon explants having abaxial side in contact with growing medium containing 10.0 at mg/l zeatin along with 2.0 mg/l GA 3 (Table 5). In a comparative study of in vitro capsicum regeneratin, Mathew (2002), Shivegowda et al, (2002), Mok and Norzulaani (2007) and Khurana et al, (2011) reported best regeneration in cotyledonary explants. Plant hormones play a crucial role in controlling the plants growth and development.…”