In vitroimmunomodulatory activity, cytotoxicity and chemistry of some central European polypores

Abstract

Context Some mushrooms of the order Polyporales are known for their immunomodulatory actions. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the in vitro phagocytic and cytotoxic effects of extracts from polyporales native to Central Europe. Materials and methods The effects of ethanol extracts from 27 polypore species on opsonized zymosan-induced phagocytosis of isolated human neutrophils were tested by a chemiluminescence method. Colon epithelial cell lines, Caco-2 and HT-29, were used for cytotoxicity assays, and extracts were chemically characterized in terms of total phenolic and β-glucan content. Results We observed phagocytosis or respiratory burst enhancing activity in 17 extracts, of which five species, namely Aurantiporus fissilis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) H. Jahn ex Ryvarden, Trametes gibbosa (Pers.) Fr., Piptoporus betulinus (Bull.) P. Karst, Neolentinus lepideus (Fr.) Redhead & Ginns, Polyporus squamosus (Huds.) Fr., significantly increased phagocytosis in granulocytes by 205, 181, 158, 155 and 141%, respectively. The β-glucan content of the three most potent extracts was 58, 42 and 74 mg/g, respectively, and the polyphenol content was 155.6, 133.5 and 155.2 μmol of gallic acid equivalent/g, respectively. Some extracts showed cytotoxic activity, with higher cytotoxicity in Caco-2 than in HT-29 cells. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) P. Karst. extract was cytotoxic to both cell lines, with IC values of 81 and 31 μg/mL, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The most promising extracts were from N. lepideus and Polyporus squamosus, which are edible species and may be considered safe. Our findings support their use as culinary preparations or food supplements for various immunological gut disorders.

A comparative study of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Inonotus hispidus fruit and their mycelia extracts

“…The mean values of the ratio GAE/extract are expressed as µmol g −1 . In order to compare these values with literature data, [57] Many works report flavonoid concentrations in fungi with a wide range of concentrations. The free flavonoids in ethanol extract of raw Lentinula edodes (Berk.)…”

Purification and characterization of an immuno-stimulatory compound from the water extract of royoporus badius (Pers.) A.B. De.

“…Royoporus badius is a fairly large polypore (up to 15 cm in width) with a dark central or lateral stipe and a slightly hairy base (Glaeser & Smith, 2010), which can be found distributed in (Razaq & Shahzad, 2016). R. badius is also commonly known as the Black-Footed Polypore (Doskocil et al, 2016).…”

“…According to the literature, there have been no known immuno-stimulatory compounds identified from R. badius. Thus far, only two studies have been performed on the ethanol extracts of R. badius, with one exhibiting mild cytotoxic activity against colorectal cancer cell lines (Doskocil et al, 2016), while the other was shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines but elicited TH2 response (Koch et al, 2002). Despite…”

“…To the best of my knowledge, there are currently only 3 species categorized in the genus (Doskocil et al, 2016;Karun & Sridhar, 2017;Sotome et al, 2011). However, out of the three species, only R. badius has been studied for its bioactivity, but with very limited information available.…”

“…However, out of the three species, only R. badius has been studied for its bioactivity, but with very limited information available. One study showed that the ethanol extract of R. badius exhibited little cytotoxic activity towards colorectal cancer cell lines and had some phenolics present in the extract (Doskocil et al, 2016). Elsewhere, the ethanol extracts of R. badius successfully inhibited the production of proinflammatory cytokines but elicited TH2 response (Koch et al, 2002).…”