<i>In vitro</i> evaluation of topical biocide and antimicrobial susceptibility of <i>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius</i> from dogs

Valentine, Becky K.; Dew, Walter; Yu, Anthony; Weese, J. Scott

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3164.2012.01095.x

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In fact, clinical examination on day 28 did not reveal any signs of bacterial infection in any dog that completed the study, regardless of the treatment group. The active ingredient (chlorhexidine) contained in the two topical products used in this study has been previously shown to be effective against a variety of micro‐organisms in in vitro studies . Topical agents with 2–4% chlorhexidine have been compared to other antibacterial agents, such as ethyl lactate or 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, and found to be of equivalent or superior effectiveness in the treatment of bacterial overgrowth and superficial pyoderma .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non‐MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic‐controlled study

Borio¹,

Colombo²,

Rosa

et al. 2015

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -There is a lack of studies comparing topical antiseptics to systemic antibiotics in the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma.Hypothesis/Objectives -To compare the efficacy of topical chlorhexidine with systemic amoxicillin-clavulanic acid for the treatment of canine superficial pyoderma.Animals -A randomized controlled trial was conducted in dogs with superficial pyoderma. Group T (n = 31) was treated topically with 4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo (twice weekly) and solution (once daily) for 4 weeks. Group S (n = 20) was treated orally with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (25 mg/kg) twice daily for 4 weeks.Methods -Bacterial culture and susceptibility testing were performed on clinical specimens collected before treatment. Severity of lesions and number of intracellular bacteria were evaluated using four-point scales to calculate a total pyoderma score for each dog. Pruritus was assessed by owners using a visual analog scale (range 0-10). Scores were analysed for statistical differences between groups T and S.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non‐MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic‐controlled study

Borio¹,

Colombo²,

Rosa

et al. 2015

Veterinary Dermatology

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“…However, MICs reported for MRS isolates from pets in North America, Europe and Asia have so far remained low, likely to be exceeded by drug concentrations achievable with topical application. Amongst the almost 200 MRSP isolates included in recent in vitro studies, low MICs were found for chlorhexidine (≤16 μg/mL), miconazole (≤2 μg/mL), fusidic acid (≤2 μg/mL), mupirocin (≤0.5 μg/mL) and polymyxin B (≤4 μg/mL); only one isolate in a collection of 49 showed a MIC of 16 μg/mL to fusidic acid . In the three studies that included MRSA isolates from pets, MICs were at least one dilution higher than for MRSP, with individual outliers of MICs exceeding 256 μg/mL fusidic acid (6 of 102 isolates) …”

Section: Therapeutic Considerations For Mrs Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recommendations for approaches to meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures.

Morris

Loeffler

Davis

et al. 2017

Veterinary Dermatology

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116

154

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Background Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in staphylococci, including resistance to the semi‐synthetic penicillinase‐resistant penicillins such as meticillin, is a problem of global proportions that presents serious challenges to the successful treatment of staphylococcal infections of companion animals. Objectives The objective of this document is to provide harmonized recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections in dogs and cats. Methods The authors served as a Guideline Panel (GP) and reviewed the literature available prior to September 2016. The GP prepared a detailed literature review and made recommendations on selected topics. The World Association of Veterinary Dermatology (WAVD) provided guidance and oversight for this process. A draft of the document was presented at the 8th World Congress of Veterinary Dermatology (May 2016) and was then made available via the World Wide Web to the member organizations of the WAVD for a period of three months. Comments were solicited and posted to the GP electronically. Responses were incorporated by the GP into the final document. Conclusions Adherence to guidelines for the diagnosis, laboratory reporting, judicious therapy (including restriction of use policies for certain antimicrobial drugs), personal hygiene, and environmental cleaning and disinfection may help to mitigate the progressive development and dissemination of MDR staphylococci.

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“…In dog-derived staphylococci, MICs of fusidic acid, chlorhexidine and miconazole have been low, 6–8 but geographical differences can be expected. 9,10 Since previous MIC studies have evaluated mainly North American staphylococcal isolates, 7,8 we determined current susceptibility in vitro of dog-derived European MRSA and MRSP strains and their methicillin-susceptible counterparts to fusidic acid, chlorhexidine and miconazole, and investigated the potential for synergistic interaction between miconazole and chlorhexidine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility in vitro of canine methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcal isolates to fusidic acid, chlorhexidine and miconazole: opportunities for topical therapy of canine superficial pyoderma

Clark

Loeffler

Bond

2015

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

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ObjectivesIncreasing multidrug resistance amongst canine pathogenic staphylococci has renewed interest in topical antibacterial therapy for skin infections in the context of responsible veterinary prescribing. We therefore determined the activity in vitro of three clinically relevant topical agents and synergism between two of them against Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus aureus.MethodsThe MICs of fusidic acid (n = 199), chlorhexidine (n = 198), miconazole (n = 198) and a 1:1 combination of miconazole/chlorhexidine (n = 198) were determined for canine isolates [50 MRSA and 49 methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP), 50 MSSA and 50 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius (MSSP)] collected from the UK and Germany using an agar dilution method (CLSI VET01-A4). Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices were calculated to assess the interaction of miconazole with chlorhexidine.ResultsMICs of each drug/combination were significantly (P < 0.0005) higher for S. aureus when compared with S. pseudintermedius. Most strains (n = 172) had an MIC of fusidic acid of ≤0.03 mg/L (MIC ≥64 mg/L, n = 5 MRSA). All strains had MICs of chlorhexidine of 0.5–4 mg/L, except for one MRSA (MIC = 8 mg/L). All but four strains had MICs of miconazole of 1–4 mg/L (MIC = 16 mg/L, n = 3; MIC = 256 mg/L, n = 1). Miconazole/chlorhexidine (1:1 ratio) had a synergistic effect against 49/50 MRSA, 31/50 MSSA, 12/49 MRSP and 23/49 MSSP.ConclusionsSince the majority of these staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant isolates, had MICs that should be readily exceeded by topical skin application of these agents, their therapeutic efficacy for canine superficial pyoderma should be assessed. The synergistic interaction shown in vitro supports further clinical evaluation of miconazole/chlorhexidine combination therapy for staphylococcal infection.

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In vitro evaluation of topical biocide and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from dogs

Abstract: While isolates were susceptible to most of the tested compounds, universal susceptibility to all compounds with potential antimicrobial activity cannot be assumed, and specific testing is required.

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non‐MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic‐controlled study

Effectiveness of a combined (4% chlorhexidine digluconate shampoo and solution) protocol in MRS and non‐MRS canine superficial pyoderma: a randomized, blinded, antibiotic‐controlled study

Recommendations for approaches to meticillin‐resistant staphylococcal infections of small animals: diagnosis, therapeutic considerations and preventative measures.

Susceptibility in vitro of canine methicillin-resistant and -susceptible staphylococcal isolates to fusidic acid, chlorhexidine and miconazole: opportunities for topical therapy of canine superficial pyoderma

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