In vitroevaluation of a multispecies oral biofilm on different implant surfaces

Abstract

Biofilm accumulation on implant surfaces is one of the most important factors for early and late implant failure. Because of the related clinical implications, the aim of this in vitro study was to compare the bacterial cell attachment of a four-species oral biofilm on titanium discs of purity grade 2 and 4, with machined surfaces and etched-thermochemically modified with Avantblast®. The in vitro biofilm model was composed of early (Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus gordonii), secondary (Veillonella parvula), and intermediate (Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. polymorphum) colonizers of tooth surfaces. A total of 36 discs were divided into four groups: Tigr2-c (titanium grade 2, machined surface), Tigr2-t (titanium grade 2, modified surface with Avantblast®), Tigr4-c (titanium grade 4, machined surface), Tigr4-t (titanium grade 4, modified surface with Avantblast®). The experiment was repeated three times. Biofilm viability was tested with 1% 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution and bacterial cell quantification by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Descriptive analysis was performed to evaluate biofilm composition and differences between groups were checked with the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). After one week, multispecies biofilms showed a similar pattern of bacterial composition on all analyzed implant surfaces. The most prevalent bacterium was V. parvula (∼50% of the total biomass), followed by S. gordonii (∼30%), F. nucleatum ssp. polymorphum (∼10%) and A. naeslundii (<5%). Total bacterial biomass was significantly higher in both grade-4-titanium surfaces (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that not only implant surface treatment, but also titanium purity, influence early bacterial colonization.

Bacterial adhesion mechanisms on dental implant surfaces and the influencing factors

“…An in vitro study compared the bacterial adhesion of a four-species oral biofilm on different purity of titanium discs of grades cp-2 and cp-4, namely Tigr2-c (cp-2, machined surface), Tigr2-t (cp-2, modified surface with Avantblast s ), Tigr4-c (cp-4, machined surface) and Tigr4-t (cp-4, modified surface with Avantblast s ). A significantly higher total bacterial biomass on both cp-4 titanium surfaces was reported [82]. Although the study did not explain in detail, it may be that the higher oxygen content during the processing of cp-4 increased the availability of -OH groups and promoted more bacterial adhesion.…”

Effect of different implant placement depths on crestal bone levels and soft tissue behavior: a randomized clinical trial

“…; Violant et al. ). Conversely, modified titanium surfaces were found to prevent early bacterial attachment (Violant et al.…”

“…Implant surface modifications could impact bacterial attachment to titanium (Violant et al. ). Earlier studies found similar influence on early bacterial colonization between titanium, hydroxyapatite, and amalgam (Leonhardt & Dahlen ; Leonhardt et al.…”

Antibiofilm activity of sandblasted and laser-modified titanium against microorganisms isolated from peri-implantitis lesions

“…18,19 There are plenty of studies in literature assessing the influence of titanium implant surface characteristics on biofilm formation. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] In particular, increase in surface roughness and surface free energy seems to facilitate biofilm formation, although this conclusion is derived from largely descriptive literature. 11 As detailed and precise information, as it permits the direct visualization and quantification of living biofilms in their natural hydrated state.…”